1. Apply Base Fertilizer: A week before stocking fry, it's recommended to apply one ton of green manure or 500–750 kg of well-rotted manure per 667 square meters in intensively managed fish ponds. However, if the water is dark brown or oil green, indicating a high nutrient level, you should apply fertilizers more sparingly to avoid over-enrichment.
2. Top-Dressing: Most fertilizers are applied as top-dressing because they act quickly and have a short-term effect. For every 667 square meters, you can use 2.5 kg of urea combined with 5 kg of superphosphate. It’s best to dissolve the fertilizer in water and distribute it evenly across the pond. Adjust the amount based on water quality—when the water is clear and fish aren’t floating, you can apply more. If the water is thick and fish show signs of floating, reduce the application. Always fertilize on a sunny day, preferably between 8 AM and 12 PM. If possible, continue fertilizing for a few consecutive days for better results.
3. Seasonal Fertilization: The frequency and amount of top-dressing vary depending on the season. In early summer, when temperatures fluctuate, it's better to fertilize less often due to unstable water conditions. During summer, high temperatures can lead to rapid nutrient buildup, causing poor water quality and even fish deaths. Therefore, maintain a steady and moderate fertilization schedule. In spring and autumn, when temperatures are lower, organic matter breaks down slowly, so the water remains more stable. In these seasons, reduce the amount of fertilizer used to prevent overloading the system.
4. Fertilize Based on Water Clarity: Ideally, the water in your fish pond should have a grass-green color with a transparency of around 25 cm. This indicates a balanced environment that supports healthy fish growth. If the transparency exceeds 30 cm, the water is too lean, and additional fertilizer is needed. On the other hand, if the transparency is below 20 cm, the water is overly rich, which can lead to algal blooms or poor oxygen levels. In such cases, stop fertilizing immediately and replace part of the water to restore balance.
By carefully monitoring water conditions and adjusting your fertilization practices accordingly, you can ensure a healthy and productive fish farming environment. Regular observation and timely adjustments are key to maintaining optimal water quality and promoting good fish health and growth.
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