After the eggplant planting stage in the spring greenhouse, cultivating strong and healthy seedlings is essential for achieving early maturity and high yield. Compared to traditional seedling methods, plug seedlings offer numerous advantages such as stronger growth, lower disease incidence, shorter growing time, better space efficiency, higher uniformity, and easier transportation, which makes them very popular among vegetable farmers.
The process begins by preparing a suitable growing medium. Typically, 50- or 72-cell trays are used, with a mix of vermiculite, peat, chicken manure, and cow manure in a ratio of 2:1:1:1 or 1:1:0.5:0.5. A small amount of slow-release fertilizer is also added. The peat should be crushed and sifted before use. The mixture is then filled into the trays, making sure not to overfill them to avoid water runoff during irrigation.
Next, the seeds are soaked in warm water (50°C–55°C) for 20 hours at room temperature. After soaking, they are rinsed thoroughly with clean water and the water is reserved for later use. Before sowing, the holes in the tray are pre-moistened, and the seeds are placed into each cell, usually 1–2 seeds per hole. A thin layer of substrate is then added on top, leveling it with the tray surface. The tray is covered with a plastic film to maintain moisture and warmth, keeping the temperature between 25°C and 30°C.
Once more than 50% of the seeds have germinated, the plastic cover is removed, and the temperature is adjusted to 22°C–25°C. Watering and nutrient management are crucial during this phase. When the surface of the substrate starts to turn white, it's time to water. At the same time, foliar feeding can be applied by mixing 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea and spraying it along with watering.
Pest and disease control follows the same practices as conventional seedling production. Seedlings are ready for transplanting when they have 5–7 true leaves, reach a height of about 15 cm, and their roots have formed a compact root ball. At this point, they are carefully pulled from the tray and planted directly in the field. This method ensures minimal root disturbance and improves survival rates.
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