Putian loach farming is a highly efficient and eco-friendly aquaculture method, typically yielding over 150-200 kg per mu. This technique can be implemented in areas where the water level is low and the silt layer is thin, making it ideal for raising oysters or other aquatic species.
1. **Site Preparation (Putian Transformation):**
A circular fish ditch should be dug around the field with a width of 2.5 to 3 meters and a depth of 1 to 1.2 meters. One fish pit should be placed in each corner or along the edges. The excavated mud is used to create a 1-meter slope. Above the slope, a mesh of 30 or more white nylon or polyethylene nets should be installed. Both ends and joints must be buried in the soil or fixed with wooden stakes. A second network made of calcium plastic boards (inserted 30 cm into the mud) should be set up for drainage. On the outside, use polyethylene netting, and on the inside, metal mesh to prevent loaches from escaping.
2. **Stocking the Species:**
Before stocking, the field should be drained and exposed to sunlight for 3-4 days. Then, apply 130 kg of organic fertilizer per mu. After drying for 4-5 days, water is added. One week later, stock 80-100 kg of sturdy loach seedlings per mu at a size of 10-15 grams. Before stocking, disinfect the area with 20 grams of bleaching powder per square meter. Soak the loaches in 3% saline solution for 3-5 minutes to improve survival rates.
3. **Daily Management:**
Feed twice daily: 70% of the feed in the morning between 6:00 and 7:00, and 30% in the afternoon at 1:00. When the water temperature is 15°C, feed 2% of the fish's body weight. As the temperature rises, increase feeding accordingly, with a maximum of 10% of the fish’s weight. If the temperature drops below 10°C, reduce or stop feeding. In the first month after stocking, feed a mixture of cooked soybeans and fried rice bran, once daily at 3-4% of the total weight. After one month, apply organic fertilizer (mainly animal manure) every 15 days at 100 kg per mu. Alongside, feed silkworm cocoons, rice bran, bean cake, vegetable cake, and animal waste. It’s best to fertilize and feed in the fish pits during the late stage of growth to make harvesting easier. Regularly inspect embankments for damage and repair any leaks or collapses to prevent predators like birds, rats, and snakes. Change the water once a month and apply an appropriate amount of quicklime or bleach. Maintain normal lotus root management practices as well.
This comprehensive approach ensures optimal growth and high yield while maintaining a balanced ecosystem in the Putian loach farming system.
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