1 The key technology of wheat seed storage
1.1 Strict Seed Moisture Detection Water is one of the three indispensable factors for seed germination. The level of moisture in wheat seeds directly affects the safety of seed storage, and the national standard for wheat seed moisture is 12.5%. When the seeds are collected and stored, they must be strictly controlled in accordance with this standard. If the weather is continuously rainy or catastrophic during storage, the maximum limit cannot exceed 13.5%. After entering the warehouse, regular inspections are required. It is generally held in the period from June to August, once every half month, and once every month after September. If there is continuous rain and the quality of the warehouse is not up to standard, it should be checked frequently. For bulk seeds, if there is a large number, first divide the seed batch, and then carry out the sampling, that is, at the four corners of the warehouse (10 to 20 cm from the side), and the middle counts at five points, and the upper and middle three floors (upper and lower distances and bottom 20 cm). , Total 15 points, after taking the sample, determine the moisture according to the specified method of operation; bagged seeds, after dividing the seed batch, the sample is taken after the plum or checkerboard method to measure the moisture.
1.2 Insist on seed temperature detection temperature is another important factor affecting the quality of seed storage. Many years of practice have confirmed that the temperature of wheat seeds is below 20°C and moisture is below 12.5%, which can ensure safe storage. When the seed temperature exceeds 25°C and the water content is above 14%, the seeds will be vigorously rejuvenated, which will cause the seeds to become hot and their viability decline. , The value of planting is reduced. Seed temperature testing is generally held between June and August, three times a month, and twice a month after September. Set up three points in different parts of the warehouse, measure and record the middle and lower layers (two points and one point below), and compare and analyze temperature and temperature. The temperature in summer and autumn is greater than the species temperature is greater than the warehouse temperature: the temperature in autumn and winter is greater than the temperature in the warehouse is greater than the temperature. If the summer temperature is higher than the temperature, it indicates that the seeds have been significantly warmed, and measures such as turning over the house and drying out are urgently needed to prevent unnecessary losses.
1.3 Strengthen the monitoring of seed pests The variety of pests that endanger the storage of wheat seeds are mainly wheat moths, corn elephants, Otani pilferes, and fools. The general temperature is about 25°C. The inspection is performed every 20 days. The method of sampling is the same as that of the moisture determination method. The sample volume is 1kg. The sample is sieved with aluminum and carefully observed to calculate the number of insects per kilogram. It is timely according to the situation. Take preventive measures.
1.4 Do a good job in the closed storage of fumigated wheat seeds to storage in August until August is a period of high temperature and high humidity, at this time to be combined with fumigation and insecticidal sterilization, sealed storage, warehouse worms generally use aluminum phosphide fumigation control. Bulk seed, first, calculate the total dosage of the fumigated warehouse based on the amount of 5 g per cubic meter (including space and seed); second, use plastic film, newspaper, paste, and order for the window and door gap of the warehouse. The book machines and other tools have been carefully sealed. Third, the investigators who have rich experience have brought gas masks to evenly distribute the drugs. The fumigation time is generally about 10 days. For bagged seeds, purchase aluminum phosphide tablets from the Plant Protection Station or the Agricultural Technology Promotion Station to calculate the dosage. The tablets are uniformly packed into the seed bag to seal and fumigation. This method is suitable for farms and large households. After September, the temperature gradually decreased and can be used as a ventilation season.
1.5 There are two reasons for preventing the fever of wheat seed caused by the mildew of the seed: First, it is continuously cloudy and rainy when entering the warehouse, and the moisture is excessive. This situation causes a large range of mildew and a large loss. The second is poor sealing performance of the warehouse, which causes mildew due to hygroscopicity and heat of the wheat grain. It is first planted on the surface of the pile, and then gradually spreads and infiltrates. Through the detection of seed moisture and temperature, timely detection and early response measures. For the above-mentioned first kind of wheat seed fever caused by the above-mentioned situation, it is necessary to grab the sun-dried seeds in sunny days to make the moisture content meet the required standards; for the second case, the grain heat should be strengthened in the rainy weather to strengthen the sealing work of the warehouse. , Nice weather timely ventilation.
2 Simple method of wheat seed germination The dormancy period of wheat seeds is 3 months. According to the investigation, there are no seed temperature-changing germination equipment in towns, villages, farms, and large households in China. The quality of wheat seeds depends on the weather. The temperature in the upper and middle of the south of the Yangtze River in June was relatively high, and it was impossible to determine the germination rate of harvested wheat seeds in a timely and accurate manner, so that the seeds could not be picked up, especially in the case of a severe climate (mid-to late May rainy season). Is unable to do anything. In order to overcome this problem, according to many years of exploration and practice, three simple germination test methods are introduced for reference by the vast number of towns, villages, fields, large families, and seed workers.
2.1 The basket method First, according to the specified sample method to draw a representative sample, after thorough mixing, the seeds of 250g were sampled, placed in a refrigerator freezer for 72h, so that the temperature of the refrigerator compartment is controlled at 5 °C ~10°C, seed vernalization. Use 4 small plates with flat bottom surfaces, put 3 to 4 layers of soaked gauze or absorbent cotton in the bottom of the dish, filter out excess water, and then randomly take 400 seeds from the vernalized samples. Distribute 100 grains evenly on each dish, four repeats. Cover the surface with moist gauze or absorbent cotton and label it. Put the dish in the bamboo basket, hang it on the surface of the well, and change the water every day to keep the seeds moist, so that the seeds will be white in 30 hours, the germination power can be seen in 3 days, and the germination results can be calculated in 5-7 days.
2.2 towel roll method Disinfect the towel in boiling water, filter out the excess water leveling, from the vernalization in the method 2.1 after the sample, take 400 seeds at random, and evenly arranged in half a towel On the top, keep a certain distance between the seeds, leave 3~4cm on the upper and lower edges of the towel, cover the seeds with the other half towel, put a bamboo chopstick (or bamboo stick) in the center of the towel, and roll the towel into a rod , The two edges are tied with cotton thread, put on the label, put in the plate, and put the plate into the air-conditioned room around 20°C, spray water 3 times a day to keep the seeds moist, and open the towel after 3 days to check the germination potential, 7d After calculating the germination rate.
2.3 The method of selecting bricks in front of a shady room, selecting a small plot, drying it, drying it, tapping and slicing, watering and moistening, and randomizing the seeds from the sample after vernalization in Method 2.1 200 seeds were evenly sowed on moist soil, and soaked with permeable soil. Each of the bricks was pressed on top of the seeds so that the seeds would not be exposed. After 3 to 4 days, the seeds could be inspected. The germination rate. Source: China Seed Network