Dandelion (commonly known as mother-in-law, yellow violacea, dicot, Pu-pomiao, etc.) is a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family. The whole plant can be used as a medicine. It has the effects of clearing away heat, detoxifying and dispelling pain. In addition to medicinal purposes, dandelion tender seedlings and young leaves can be eaten raw, salad, fried food, soup, salted pickles and so on. Due to the depletion of wild dandelion resources, it is imperative to develop artificial cultivation.
First, the growth characteristics of dandelion adaptability, hi light and cold, heat, cold and phlegm resistant, disease resistance is very strong, very few pests and diseases, most regions of China can be cultivated.
Second, soil preparation Fertilizer selected loose, fertile, moist, well-drained sandy soil cultivation. Plunge 20-25 cm deep, smooth and thin, grow ten to twenty centimeters wide, 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide, and 15 centimeters high, or make a small ridge 45 centimeters wide. Apply 4000-4500 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 15 kg of superphosphate, and spread it evenly.
Third, sowing
1. Seed treatment Seeds were soaked in water at 50°C and germinated at 25°C. Seeds have no dormancy period and can be planted in the open season from spring to autumn, and sown in the greenhouse in winter.
2, open sowing on the surface or ridge by drilling or sowing in two ways. Drilling: Open shallow shallow trenches with a spacing of 25-30 cm on the surface of the loquat, about 10 cm in diameter, and cover the soil 1 cm after the seeds are sown, and then suppress them slightly. The seeding rate is 50 grams per mu. Spreading: Spreading on flat stubble, about 1000 grams per acre, soaking and moisturizing after sowing, when the seedlings are lifted, the alfalfa weeds will emerge, and the sprouting will take about 7-10 days.
3, greenhouse sowing in late November to early December, nursery transplanting. If greenhouses or small and medium arch sheds are cultivated, agricultural film can be used between the months of February and February of the next year, and new shoots can be harvested in late March. At this time, the market price is higher and the income can be increased.
Fourth, field management During dandelion growth, we should often carry out cultivator loose soil weeding, after every 10 days of cultivating and weeding 1, until ridge closure. After the ridges are enclosed, the grass can be pulled manually, and the seedlings and the seedlings can be seeded. The spacing between the seedlings is 3-5 cm, and the spacing between the seedlings is 8-10 cm. The distance between the plants spread in the greenhouse is 6 cm.
Fifth, fertilizer and water management to maintain soil moisture and fertility is the key to dandelion growth. After one seedling and one harvest, combined with watering, apply one-time nitrogen fertilizer. Do not water in 3-4 days after harvest to prevent rot. During the growth period, one or two fertilizers should be pursued, each applying 10 - 14 kg of urea and 5 - 6 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Water often to keep the soil moist. Fall broadcaster should cast frozen water before winter and apply winter fertilizer. Apply 2500 kg of organic fertilizer and 20 kg of superphosphate per acre. After returning green in spring, urea can be applied in combination with 10-15 kg of water and 8 kg of superphosphate.
6. Harvesting in the first year of the harvest season or without harvesting, the outer leaves may be eaten in batches at the seedling stage or eaten by cutting off the leaves other than the heart. From the second year onwards, they are cut once every 15-20 days. When Minister Ye Qian reaches 10-15 centimeters, the whole plant can be harvested once and bundled and listed. It can harvest 2-4 times a year, ie 1-2 times in spring and 1-2 times in autumn. If it is sold as a medicinal material, it can be used to dig rooted whole plants in the late autumn.
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