1, timely insulation: timely cover film is the key technology for strawberry cultivation. The majority of strawberry varieties began to enter dormancy from around late October, and the general bud initiation also started at this time. Therefore, neither the strawberry can enter dormancy nor affect bud differentiation, and the time for both is suitable for thermal insulation. period. Insulation is not conducive to flower bud differentiation too early, if too late, once the plant enters dormant state, it is difficult to release dormancy, resulting in dwarfing plants.
2, temperature control: After the shed, strawberry growth and development of the total temperature requirements are higher in the early period, the latter one is lower. In the initial period of heat preservation, in order to prevent the plants from entering dormancy dwarfing state and promoting the development of flower buds, the daytime temperature is 28° C., and the maximum temperature is no more than 30° C., and the temperature exceeds 30° C., and the night temperature is 12° C.-15° C. Below 8°C, during the budding period, the daytime temperature is 25-28°C, and the nighttime temperature is 10°C. If the nighttime temperature is too high, over 13°C will cause the buds to degenerate and the development of the stamen and stamens will be hindered. Foliar spraying of spring rain No. 1 or gibberellin can inhibit dormancy. Appropriate daytime flowering temperature requirements at 23-25 ​​°C, 8-10 °C at night, this is conducive to flowering, but also conducive to pollination and fertilization after flowering. During the expansion of strawberry fruit, in order to promote fruit enlargement and reduce the rate of small fruit, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 20-25 °C. 6-8 °C at night is appropriate, enter the fruit-picking period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 20-23 °C, night 5-7 °C can be. The level of room temperature should be adjusted by uncovering the size of the open tuyere and controlling the time of the strawberry bowl.
Protection measures outside the greenhouse: Since the temperature in the winter is very low in the northern regions, the outer layer of the greenhouse should be covered with a layer of cold-proof or quality straw. The thickness of the cold shelter is determined by the temperature of each area.
3, fertilizer and water management: After the strawberry promotes cultivation and insulation, flower bud development, bud, flowering, fruit expansion, the first inflorescence after the end of the inflorescence and pumping and flowering results, plant burden, lack of fertilizer shortage It is easy to cause premature dwarfing of plants. Topdressing is carried out at least 4-5 times, namely before the film covering, fruit enlargement period, flowering harvesting period, harvesting period, etc. Fertilizers can be rushed by using Scola, compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and Chunyu No. 1 "bullet". Shi. After the beginning of insulation, the shed interior is prone to lack of water. Due to the high temperature in the room, soil evaporation and transpiration are large, and the soil is easy to dry. Sometimes the surface of the soil is very moist and there is no water on the surface, but the soil in the root distribution layer of the plant may have long been lack of water. Therefore, to determine whether there is water shortage or need watering, in the morning we can observe if there is water droplets on the leaves of strawberry. If there are water droplets, it indicates that the root system is functioning and the land is full of water. On the contrary, it means that lack of water has poor root function. Before the general insulation and before the insulation, the water is poured before the cover film, and the water should be combined with topdressing. About 7 days with drip irrigation equipment, the soil is often kept moist.
4, artificial fill light: not only through the insulation so that strawberries do not go to sleep, but also to give long-day conditions, artificially prevent strawberries into dormancy, artificial light can promote petiole growth, to prevent dwarfing, and conducive to berry enlargement and coloring . In general, the morning lighting is effective for increasing the number of fruits, and the evening lighting petiole is easily elongated.
5. Pest control: The diseases and pests of the solar greenhouse strawberry include gray mold, powdery mildew, anthrax, verticillium wilt, root rot, and bacterial leaf spot. Botrytis cinerea, silver nectar, etc. may be used for gray mold; powdery mildew, etc. may be used for Fuxing, Shigao, Saifu, and Bordeaux, Rickettsia, and bacteria aseptic. Insect pests mainly include aphids and red (yellow) spiders, and they can use fast cola, imidacloprid, alfalfa fog, acetaminophen, diclofenac, and the like. In addition, underground tigers, cockroaches, cockroaches, and other underground pests can be poisoned with poisoned Saier, Le Siben, and phoxim.
2, temperature control: After the shed, strawberry growth and development of the total temperature requirements are higher in the early period, the latter one is lower. In the initial period of heat preservation, in order to prevent the plants from entering dormancy dwarfing state and promoting the development of flower buds, the daytime temperature is 28° C., and the maximum temperature is no more than 30° C., and the temperature exceeds 30° C., and the night temperature is 12° C.-15° C. Below 8°C, during the budding period, the daytime temperature is 25-28°C, and the nighttime temperature is 10°C. If the nighttime temperature is too high, over 13°C will cause the buds to degenerate and the development of the stamen and stamens will be hindered. Foliar spraying of spring rain No. 1 or gibberellin can inhibit dormancy. Appropriate daytime flowering temperature requirements at 23-25 ​​°C, 8-10 °C at night, this is conducive to flowering, but also conducive to pollination and fertilization after flowering. During the expansion of strawberry fruit, in order to promote fruit enlargement and reduce the rate of small fruit, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 20-25 °C. 6-8 °C at night is appropriate, enter the fruit-picking period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 20-23 °C, night 5-7 °C can be. The level of room temperature should be adjusted by uncovering the size of the open tuyere and controlling the time of the strawberry bowl.
Protection measures outside the greenhouse: Since the temperature in the winter is very low in the northern regions, the outer layer of the greenhouse should be covered with a layer of cold-proof or quality straw. The thickness of the cold shelter is determined by the temperature of each area.
3, fertilizer and water management: After the strawberry promotes cultivation and insulation, flower bud development, bud, flowering, fruit expansion, the first inflorescence after the end of the inflorescence and pumping and flowering results, plant burden, lack of fertilizer shortage It is easy to cause premature dwarfing of plants. Topdressing is carried out at least 4-5 times, namely before the film covering, fruit enlargement period, flowering harvesting period, harvesting period, etc. Fertilizers can be rushed by using Scola, compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and Chunyu No. 1 "bullet". Shi. After the beginning of insulation, the shed interior is prone to lack of water. Due to the high temperature in the room, soil evaporation and transpiration are large, and the soil is easy to dry. Sometimes the surface of the soil is very moist and there is no water on the surface, but the soil in the root distribution layer of the plant may have long been lack of water. Therefore, to determine whether there is water shortage or need watering, in the morning we can observe if there is water droplets on the leaves of strawberry. If there are water droplets, it indicates that the root system is functioning and the land is full of water. On the contrary, it means that lack of water has poor root function. Before the general insulation and before the insulation, the water is poured before the cover film, and the water should be combined with topdressing. About 7 days with drip irrigation equipment, the soil is often kept moist.
4, artificial fill light: not only through the insulation so that strawberries do not go to sleep, but also to give long-day conditions, artificially prevent strawberries into dormancy, artificial light can promote petiole growth, to prevent dwarfing, and conducive to berry enlargement and coloring . In general, the morning lighting is effective for increasing the number of fruits, and the evening lighting petiole is easily elongated.
5. Pest control: The diseases and pests of the solar greenhouse strawberry include gray mold, powdery mildew, anthrax, verticillium wilt, root rot, and bacterial leaf spot. Botrytis cinerea, silver nectar, etc. may be used for gray mold; powdery mildew, etc. may be used for Fuxing, Shigao, Saifu, and Bordeaux, Rickettsia, and bacteria aseptic. Insect pests mainly include aphids and red (yellow) spiders, and they can use fast cola, imidacloprid, alfalfa fog, acetaminophen, diclofenac, and the like. In addition, underground tigers, cockroaches, cockroaches, and other underground pests can be poisoned with poisoned Saier, Le Siben, and phoxim.
(Senior agronomist Ban Yimin)
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