The current state of citrus production is quite challenging, marked by several concerning issues. Firstly, the severity and timing of the second phase of physiological fruit drop are significant, with an average fruit drop rate ranging from 3-10%. This issue is particularly severe in orange groves, where heavy fruit drop occurs frequently. Secondly, pest infestations are rampant, with red spider mites being especially problematic. On average, there are 676 mites per louvre in certain areas, while in larger parks, this number rises above 1,500. A noticeable trend is the prevalence of yellow mites, which persist for extended periods. In mountainous orchards and shaded gardens, these pests are abundant, causing significant damage to young spring tips, leading to severely yellowed leaves. Thirdly, the population of aphid mites is substantial. Observations indicate that black locust mites reached adulthood on June 3rd, and the second generation of citrus mealybugs has already emerged. Under high temperatures, these pests are reproducing rapidly, and currently, we are witnessing their peak adult activity. Lastly, the population of rust mites is growing quickly, reaching 0.5 mites per fruit. To safeguard citrus production and quality this year, the following recommendations are proposed:
1. For gardens in Guiyang with fewer fruits this year, consider having them bear fruit once before June 28th. Utilize the spring rains on the 1st to apply potassium-rich foliar sprays and remove sporadic strong shoots.
2. Promote early fruit growth with appropriate fertilizers. For trees bearing over 50 kg of fruit per plant, use a high-nitrogen, high-potassium, low-phosphorus compound fertilizer (2-3 kg) along with cake fertilizer (1-1.5 pounds). Japanese compound fertilizers provide both quick and sustained nutrient release, aligning well with the late growth stages of citrus. Ensure even application across a broad area, avoiding concentration. The fertilization process should be completed by June 28th.
3. Timely summer pruning is essential. Early maturing varieties should undergo pruning around June 25th, while mid-late maturing varieties can begin towards the end of June or early July. The primary goal is to "open up the canopy," forcing the development of well-organized early autumn shoots to ensure next year's yield.
4. Flea control is crucial. Field tests suggest that a formula combining green lycra diluted 200 times with 1.8% avermectin diluted 4,000 times is both safe and effective. This treatment should be completed between June 25th and 28th. In mid-July, it is advisable to conduct two consecutive sprays to maintain prolonged control.
5. Whitefly prevention requires attention to long-lasting solutions. For instance, Ulead and Aketai, when combined with flea control agents, leverage the synergistic effects of green ying to eliminate eggs effectively. This approach helps manage whitefly populations effectively. (Hubei Dangyang Agricultural 110 Service Center)
In addition to these measures, maintaining regular monitoring of weather patterns and soil moisture levels is vital. Proper irrigation and mulching can help mitigate some of the stress on citrus trees, improving their resilience against pests and environmental challenges. Engaging with local agricultural extension services can also provide valuable insights into innovative techniques and best practices tailored to your specific region.
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