The breeding of southern bigmouth bream can be carried out through three main methods: pond farming, standard pond culture, and large water surface breeding. The growth cycle of the southern bigmouth bream is relatively short, typically lasting just one year. Fry raised in this period can reach commercial size within the same year.
**1. Pond Farming**
For small-scale breeding, farmers should choose a well-established fish pool or broodstock area that is rich in natural food sources. Currently, the species of southern bigmouth bream needed in our province are mostly available in late May. It's recommended for farmers to purchase 4–8 cm long, healthy fish. Stocking density should be around 10–20 fish per mu. By the end of fall, each fish can reach a weight of 500–1000 grams, with an output of 5–10 kg per mu, generating an additional income of 50–100 yuan per mu.
**2. Standard Pond Culture**
**Pond Conditions**: A suitable pond should be between 3–10 acres in size, with a depth of 1.5 meters. One week before introducing the fish, the pond must be thoroughly cleaned using quicklime or bleach. Apply 100–200 kg of organic manure per acre to enrich the water.
**Stocking Fish**: From late April to early May, it's ideal to stock 80–100 carp fry weighing 100–200 grams per mu. In late May, 400–500 fish of 4–8 cm in length should be introduced. The fish must be uniform in size and strong in health.
**Feeding**: The diet can include wild fish, fish fry, and low-value marine fish, as well as by-products like chicken intestines and pig lungs. These materials should be ground using an electric meat grinder before feeding. However, after feeding animal organs, do not feed again immediately, as the fish may refuse the food. Place a bait station of 3–4 square meters in the pond, and feed twice daily—less in the morning and more in the evening. Feed approximately 5–15% of the total fish weight each day. Feed should be placed on the bait station, and fish should be fed every two hours or so.
**Water Quality Management**: Maintain a water depth of 1.5 meters using groundwater. From July to August, apply lime water every 15–20 days at a rate of 20–25 kg per acre to maintain good water quality.
**Disease Prevention**: Before introducing fish into the pond, they should be disinfected by soaking them in a 3% saline solution for 5–10 minutes. Ensure that all feed is fresh and avoid spoiled or contaminated food.
**3. Large Water Surface Culture**
In lakes, reservoirs, and other open waters, there are often plenty of small, low-value wild fish such as headfish and squidfish, making them ideal for stocking southern bigmouth bream. Stocking density is usually 10–20 fish per acre, with fish of 4–8 cm in length. Stocking is best done in late May. Each acre can produce 3–10 kg of fish, with individual weights ranging from 500–1000 grams, resulting in an additional profit of 30–100 yuan per acre.
This method is cost-effective and suitable for larger areas, allowing farmers to maximize their yield while maintaining sustainable practices.
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