The breeding of southern bigmouth bream can be carried out through three main methods: pond farming, intensive pond culture, and large water surface breeding. The growth cycle of the southern bigmouth bream is relatively short, typically lasting only one year. Fry raised in this system can reach commercial size within the same year.
1. **Pond Farming**
For small-scale farming, it's recommended to use a well-established fish pool or broodstock area. Currently, the species of southern bigmouth bream that are most needed in our province are usually available by late May. It’s advisable for farmers to purchase fingerlings that are 4–8 cm in length and in good condition. Stock about 10–20 fish per mu (approximately 667 square meters), and by the end of fall, each fish can reach a weight of 500–1000 grams. This can generate an additional income of 50–100 yuan per mu.
2. **Intensive Pond Culture**
- **Pond Conditions**: The ideal pond size ranges from 3 to 10 acres with a depth of 1.5 meters. One week before introducing fish, the pond should be thoroughly cleaned using quicklime or bleach. Apply 100–200 kg of manure fertilizer per acre.
- **Stocking Fish**: From late April to early May, stock 80–100 carp fry weighing 100–200 grams per acre. In late May, introduce 400–500 fingerlings of 4–8 cm in length. Ensure the fish are uniform in size and healthy.
- **Feeding**: Feed wild fish, fish fry, or low-value marine fish, as well as chicken intestines or pig lungs. These materials should be ground into a fine paste using an electric meat grinder before feeding. Avoid feeding animal organs and processed livestock waste on the same day, as it may cause the fish to refuse food. Place a bait station of 3–4 square meters in the pond. Feed twice daily—less in the morning and more in the evening. Provide 5–15% of the total fish weight in feed each day. Feed every 2 hours or so for optimal results.
- **Water Quality Management**: Maintain a water depth of 1.5 meters using groundwater. From July to August, apply lime water every 15–20 days, using 20–25 kg of lime per acre.
- **Disease Prevention**: Before introducing fish into the pond, disinfect them by soaking in a 3% saline solution for 5–10 minutes. Ensure all feed is fresh and avoid spoiled food to prevent disease outbreaks.
3. **Large Water Surface Cultivation**
In lakes, reservoirs, and other open waters, there is often an abundance of small, low-value wild fish such as headfish and squid fish, making them ideal for stocking southern bigmouth bream. Stock approximately 10–20 fish per acre, with fingerlings measuring 4–8 cm in length. Stocking can begin in late May. Each acre can yield 3–10 kilograms of fish, with individual weights ranging from 500–1000 grams, generating an additional profit of 30–100 yuan per acre.
This method is particularly effective in areas with natural fish populations and good water quality, offering a sustainable and profitable option for aquaculture.
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