There are over 50 species of insect pests that affect litchi and longan trees, with five major ones being particularly harmful. These include the litchi fruit borer, litchi stink bug, litchi tip moth, longan borer, and longan horned beetle. The first four pests affect both litchi and longan trees, while the longan horned beetle is specific to longan. In our province, litchi and longan crops suffer the most damage from these pests, making effective pest control essential for maintaining yield and quality.
To manage these pests, a comprehensive approach is necessary. For major longan pests, four spray applications are typically recommended annually. The first application occurs after spring pruning, when the new shoots reach 5–8 cm in early March. A mixture of 80% trichlorfon diluted at 800 times and 25% chlorpyrifos at 500 times is used to target litchi psyllids and hibiscus. If there's an outbreak of small moths or Gaillai moths, adding 10% high-efficiency cypermethrin at 3000 times can provide additional protection.
The second round takes place during the early mid-May flowering stage, using either 10% cypermethrin at 3000 times or 80% trichlorfon at 500 times to control litchi pupae and nymphs. The third application happens in late June to early July, after the first harvest, targeting the litchi tip moth with 200–3000 times dilution of an effective insecticide. At this time, it's also important to manage woodlice and litchi fruit borers.
For major litchi pests, pesticide applications are usually done 4–5 times a year. The first treatment occurs in mid-March during the spring shoot and flower bud stage, focusing on litchi fruit borers. A 10% cypermethrin solution diluted at 3000 times is commonly used. The second round targets locusts and litchi fruit borers during the young fruit stage, applying 10% cypermethrin at 3000 times or 25% chlorpyrifos at 500 times about 10 days after the litchi bloom.
During the fruit development period, the third application focuses on controlling locusts. It’s best applied once during rapid fruit growth, when fruits start to change color, and 20 days before harvest. Using 10% cypermethrin at 2000–3000 times is highly effective and can also kill eggs. Combining with dichlorvos enhances the effect. The fourth application occurs during the autumn shoot development stage, targeting leaf-feeding pests like stem borer moths, sharp-lined moths, and leaf rollers. Spraying 10% cypermethrin at 3000 times or other insecticides like malathion and dichlorvos is recommended when the shoots first appear.
In many regions, inconsistent growing seasons make it challenging for farmers to time sprays accurately. To improve effectiveness, it's advised to use 10% cypermethrin along with 5% dimethoate at 1500–2000 times during the young fruit and fruit development stages. This combination not only enhances egg-killing efficiency but also extends the protection period and helps manage fungal diseases like sooty mold.
Dehydrated Onion granules are a type of onion product made by removing water through a special process. They retain the flavor and nutrients of the onion while extending the shelf life, making it easier to use.
Dehydrated onion granules have a wide range of applications in cooking. They can be used as a seasoning to add the characteristic aroma and flavor of onions to various dishes. Being dehydrated, dehydrated onion granules are easier to store and transport, making them suitable for a variety of occasions and environments.
In addition, dehydrated onion granules have some nutritional value. They are rich in vitamins and minerals, which are beneficial to human health. Also, the dehydration process helps to retain the antioxidants in the onions, which have certain health benefits for the human body.
Overall, dehydrated onion granules are a convenient, useful and nutritious condiment that is an essential part of cooking.
Dehydrated onion granules have a wide range of applications in cooking. They can be used as a seasoning to add the characteristic aroma and flavor of onions to various dishes. Being dehydrated, dehydrated onion granules are easier to store and transport, making them suitable for a variety of occasions and environments.
In addition, dehydrated onion granules have some nutritional value. They are rich in vitamins and minerals, which are beneficial to human health. Also, the dehydration process helps to retain the antioxidants in the onions, which have certain health benefits for the human body.
Overall, dehydrated onion granules are a convenient, useful and nutritious condiment that is an essential part of cooking.
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