Farmers in the production of livestock and poultry, the feed costs account for a high proportion, generally about 60% to 70% of production costs, while others are even higher. For this reason, it has become a prominent issue that the majority of farmers are very concerned about and attached importance to saving fine materials, reducing feed costs, and raising the economic benefits of keeping livestock and poultry. Conserving raw materials is not simply reducing the amount of feed, but is based on the nutritional needs of livestock and poultry, starting with how to increase the nutritional value of feed and the conversion efficiency of feed.
1 Adhere to scientific matching of feedstuffs based on the nutritional needs of livestock and poultry, which is an important method for saving food. Currently, some farmers in rural areas have high consumption of materials and high costs for feeding pigs and poultry. One of the most important reasons is the monotony of feed and the lack of nutrition. , which prolonged the feeding period. In order to raise livestock and poultry well and save material, first of all, we must use compound feed to raise livestock and poultry. Only diversification of feed ingredients in the diet can increase the number of amino acids contained in the diet to complement each other and increase the biological potency of the protein. Feeding livestock and poultry fed compound feed can generally increase the feed remuneration by more than 20% compared with feeding single feed. A finishing pig can save about 30-50kg of grain, shorten the slaughter time by about two or three months, and reduce the production cost of breeding by about 20. %, especially in recent years, with the continuous progress in the research of feed additives, through the addition of certain new feed additives, thereby reducing the disease, promoting the growth and development of livestock and poultry, and improving the product rate and feed utilization rate of products, effectively increased Livestock and poultry economic benefits.
2 It is necessary to effectively improve feed processing and animal husbandry management methods. If the storage and processing methods of feed are improper, it will often cause a certain amount of nutrient losses, thereby reducing the utilization rate of livestock and poultry feed. Therefore, it is an important measure to increase the effective utilization rate of feed for feeds by improving the storage of feeds and improving the processing methods of feeds. In legume feeds, it usually contains substances such as antitrypsin, which can affect the digestion and absorption of proteins. However, the heat treatment of this substance can render the antitrypsin ineffective and increase the utilization of the protein. The finer the grinding of cereal feed, the higher the digestibility, but the fineness will reduce the palatability. According to the research data, the digestibility of starch was 70.8% for cattle fed comminuted corn, but the digestibility of starch was 99.9% and the digestibility was 29.1%. Feeding broiler chickens with pellets improves the utilization rate by about 23% compared with the powder.
In terms of feeding methods, livestock and poultry also have a great impact on feed utilization. In many places in rural areas, peasant households are still accustomed to feeding dilute food to pigs. Due to the excessive amount of water, the feed intake of pigs is limited and the digestibility of dry matter is reduced. According to experiments, the use of thinner materials and pigs consume 27.1% more heat than feeding thick materials. If the habit of feeding thinner materials is changed to thick materials, the utilization of feed can be greatly improved.
The quality of livestock and poultry management not only affects the health of livestock and poultry, but also affects the utilization of feed for livestock and poultry. Experiments have shown that when livestock temperature is below 10°C, it is 28% higher than the heat energy lost at 10°C above zero, and the heat absorption capacity of wet air is almost ten times that of dry air. Especially in winter, livestock must be allowed to live. In a relatively dry, warm housing, the loss of body temperature can be reduced and the consumption of nutrients in the body can be reduced. According to experiments, pigs raised their maximum weight at 16 to 21°C. When the temperature deviates from the optimum temperature, if the temperature is below 4°C, the weight gain will be reduced by approximately 50%, and the feed consumption per kilogram of weight gain will be double that at the optimum temperature. When the temperature of the poultry is lower than 7°C, low temperature stress appears, which increases the feed consumption. For this reason, only in accordance with the physiological requirements of livestock and poultry, to create suitable environmental conditions for them, it is easy to maintain the balance of body temperature, reduce the loss of heat energy, thereby giving play to the production performance, save feed and reduce production costs.
3 Ensure that protein supply is an indispensable nutrient for animal growth and development. According to experimental data, there are 20% to 25% of digestible protein in livestock diets, 30% to 40% of livestock products, and 30% to 50% of feed consumption and animal product costs. For monogastric animals, the balance of amino acids in the diet after the protein content in the diet reaches a certain level is of great significance, especially methionine and lysine, which balances various amino acids, improves nutritional value, and is indispensable for producing compound feed. Raw materials. After some experiments, broilers were fed with 18% crude protein diet, and 0.5% lysine was added, and the weight gain was 24% more than without.
4 It is necessary to choose breeding of good breed livestock and fully utilize the heterosis, which is an important means of saving feed. Through mass production practices, the higher the herd productivity, the lower the consumption of materials and the lower the cost. Although the number of cows raised in the United States, Japan, etc. has declined in recent years, milk production has increased. The number of pigs in our country is about 300 million heads, while the amount of pigs in the United States is only 1/4 of that of IV, and the amount of meat produced is comparable to that of our country. If we improve the quality of pigs and appropriately reduce the number of breeding heads, we can produce more than 50% of the meat even without increasing the amount of feed. The use of hybrid superiority is also an effective measure to save on feeds. Generally, hybrid pigs increase their weight gain by 10% to 30% compared to purebred pigs, and they save about 10% to 15% of feedstuffs.
To sum up, there are many ways for farmers to feed livestock and livestock to save refined feed, and it is not only limited to these aspects. As long as we continue to explore and strengthen research, we will find more and more effective A good way to save concentrate feed.
Author: Zhangqiu City Bureau of Animal Husbandry, Shandong Province
1 Adhere to scientific matching of feedstuffs based on the nutritional needs of livestock and poultry, which is an important method for saving food. Currently, some farmers in rural areas have high consumption of materials and high costs for feeding pigs and poultry. One of the most important reasons is the monotony of feed and the lack of nutrition. , which prolonged the feeding period. In order to raise livestock and poultry well and save material, first of all, we must use compound feed to raise livestock and poultry. Only diversification of feed ingredients in the diet can increase the number of amino acids contained in the diet to complement each other and increase the biological potency of the protein. Feeding livestock and poultry fed compound feed can generally increase the feed remuneration by more than 20% compared with feeding single feed. A finishing pig can save about 30-50kg of grain, shorten the slaughter time by about two or three months, and reduce the production cost of breeding by about 20. %, especially in recent years, with the continuous progress in the research of feed additives, through the addition of certain new feed additives, thereby reducing the disease, promoting the growth and development of livestock and poultry, and improving the product rate and feed utilization rate of products, effectively increased Livestock and poultry economic benefits.
2 It is necessary to effectively improve feed processing and animal husbandry management methods. If the storage and processing methods of feed are improper, it will often cause a certain amount of nutrient losses, thereby reducing the utilization rate of livestock and poultry feed. Therefore, it is an important measure to increase the effective utilization rate of feed for feeds by improving the storage of feeds and improving the processing methods of feeds. In legume feeds, it usually contains substances such as antitrypsin, which can affect the digestion and absorption of proteins. However, the heat treatment of this substance can render the antitrypsin ineffective and increase the utilization of the protein. The finer the grinding of cereal feed, the higher the digestibility, but the fineness will reduce the palatability. According to the research data, the digestibility of starch was 70.8% for cattle fed comminuted corn, but the digestibility of starch was 99.9% and the digestibility was 29.1%. Feeding broiler chickens with pellets improves the utilization rate by about 23% compared with the powder.
In terms of feeding methods, livestock and poultry also have a great impact on feed utilization. In many places in rural areas, peasant households are still accustomed to feeding dilute food to pigs. Due to the excessive amount of water, the feed intake of pigs is limited and the digestibility of dry matter is reduced. According to experiments, the use of thinner materials and pigs consume 27.1% more heat than feeding thick materials. If the habit of feeding thinner materials is changed to thick materials, the utilization of feed can be greatly improved.
The quality of livestock and poultry management not only affects the health of livestock and poultry, but also affects the utilization of feed for livestock and poultry. Experiments have shown that when livestock temperature is below 10°C, it is 28% higher than the heat energy lost at 10°C above zero, and the heat absorption capacity of wet air is almost ten times that of dry air. Especially in winter, livestock must be allowed to live. In a relatively dry, warm housing, the loss of body temperature can be reduced and the consumption of nutrients in the body can be reduced. According to experiments, pigs raised their maximum weight at 16 to 21°C. When the temperature deviates from the optimum temperature, if the temperature is below 4°C, the weight gain will be reduced by approximately 50%, and the feed consumption per kilogram of weight gain will be double that at the optimum temperature. When the temperature of the poultry is lower than 7°C, low temperature stress appears, which increases the feed consumption. For this reason, only in accordance with the physiological requirements of livestock and poultry, to create suitable environmental conditions for them, it is easy to maintain the balance of body temperature, reduce the loss of heat energy, thereby giving play to the production performance, save feed and reduce production costs.
3 Ensure that protein supply is an indispensable nutrient for animal growth and development. According to experimental data, there are 20% to 25% of digestible protein in livestock diets, 30% to 40% of livestock products, and 30% to 50% of feed consumption and animal product costs. For monogastric animals, the balance of amino acids in the diet after the protein content in the diet reaches a certain level is of great significance, especially methionine and lysine, which balances various amino acids, improves nutritional value, and is indispensable for producing compound feed. Raw materials. After some experiments, broilers were fed with 18% crude protein diet, and 0.5% lysine was added, and the weight gain was 24% more than without.
4 It is necessary to choose breeding of good breed livestock and fully utilize the heterosis, which is an important means of saving feed. Through mass production practices, the higher the herd productivity, the lower the consumption of materials and the lower the cost. Although the number of cows raised in the United States, Japan, etc. has declined in recent years, milk production has increased. The number of pigs in our country is about 300 million heads, while the amount of pigs in the United States is only 1/4 of that of IV, and the amount of meat produced is comparable to that of our country. If we improve the quality of pigs and appropriately reduce the number of breeding heads, we can produce more than 50% of the meat even without increasing the amount of feed. The use of hybrid superiority is also an effective measure to save on feeds. Generally, hybrid pigs increase their weight gain by 10% to 30% compared to purebred pigs, and they save about 10% to 15% of feedstuffs.
To sum up, there are many ways for farmers to feed livestock and livestock to save refined feed, and it is not only limited to these aspects. As long as we continue to explore and strengthen research, we will find more and more effective A good way to save concentrate feed.
Author: Zhangqiu City Bureau of Animal Husbandry, Shandong Province
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