Flue-cured tobacco is an important economic crop in Yunnan Province. The climatic conditions and soil in Yunnan Province are suitable for tobacco growth. As we all know, cloud smoke is oily, golden in color, mellow in smell and moderate in nicotine content. In the domestic and foreign markets enjoy a high reputation. However, tobacco diseases are very serious. To prevent and treat tobacco diseases, we must first start from the seedling stage. The most common seedling diseases in tobacco production are: anthrax, damping-off, and damping-off.
First, the symptoms of tobacco anthrax from the seedbed to the field phase of the whole reproductive period can occur continuously, but the most serious damage at seedling stage. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves were spotted with dark green spots on the leaves and gradually enlarged into 2 to 5 mm round lesions. The center was gray to yellowish-brown, the edges were slightly dark brown, and several lesions were connected. Withered. The lesions on the main veins, petioles, and stems of the leaves are fusiform brown and the lesions often crack. When the weather is wet, small dark spots appear on the lesions, which are the conidium discs and conidia of pathogenic fungi.
The incidence of tobacco cataplexy was found at the base of the seedlings. It was initially stained with water stains and gradually developed into a brownish-water rot. The disease is contagious, and the diseased seedlings are burned like boiling water. The diseased seedlings become dark green, wilting, lodging, and rot. Under wet conditions, a white spider web appears on the surface of the sickle, which is the mycelium of the pathogenic fungi.
Tobacco Blight This disease is common in the late stage of the seedbed, the site of the disease is in the base of the stem of the seedlings, brown spots appear in the early diseased part, the lesion gradually spreads around the stem, and the damaged stem gradually shrinks and becomes thin. The diseased seedlings wilted and died. When wet, the disease minister produces a white silky filament that is the mycelium of the pathogenic fungi. In the later period, milky yellow to dark brown, such as rapeseed-like round sclerotia, appeared on white silk.
Second, the occurrence of more than three fungal diseases occur in the same basic rules. 1 Overwintering methods and wintering sites: Anthrax is overwintering with mycelium, conidia on sick bodies, soil fertilizers, and seeds; damping-off; oospores and chlamydospores are overwintering in the soil; blight occurs with sclerotia Winter in the soil. 2 Spread: The above three seedling diseases can be spread by irrigation water, activities of underground pests, and man-made agricultural operations in the field. 3 Invasive Pathways: Pathogens invade through stem holes, leaf stomata, and wounds on plants. 4 disease conditions: warm and humid is conducive to disease, high groundwater level, poor management, unreasonable fertilization, and heavy onset.
Third, prevention and control measures
1. Choose the seedbed land, and conduct bed soil disinfection to select new land in sandy loam with high topography, good drainage, and fertile soil. Greenhouses or plastic greenhouses use sterile soil. If the ripening soil is fully sun dried, it shall be disinfected with chemicals. Method: Use 70% pentachloronitrobenzene and 50% thiram for every square meter of bed soil, 8 grams each, mix 10-15 kilograms of soil, or mix 50% seed dressing double and 70% mancozeb manganese 8 grams each. ~ 15 kg of soil. Before the application of poisonous soil, soak the seedbed soil, soak 1/3 of the toxic soil on the surface of the seedlings. After sowing, cover the top 2/3 poisonous soil, so that the seeds will be caught in the middle of the toxic soil. Exposure, control effect, efficacy can reach more than 40 days; formalin can also be used to treat soil, but must be carried out 2 to 3 weeks before sowing. Method: First loosen bed soil, according to formalin per square meter of bed soil 50 ml, add water 20 to 40 kg (depending on the amount of water depends on the dryness and humidity of the soil) showering, sealed with plastic film bed 3 For 5 days, remove the film and loosen the soil. After 2 weeks, the remaining liquid in the soil is fully volatilized before seeding.
2. Seed disinfection Sterilization 100 times solution formalin soaking for 10 minutes, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times soaking for 20 minutes. Or silver nitrate 1000 times liquid soaking for 10 minutes, the above agents soaked with water after rinsing and then germination or air dry sowing. Or seed dressing with 0.2% of 75% chlorothalonil of seed weight.
3. Chemicals can be used to control the early onset of Bordeaux mixture 1:1.5:200, or 25% Auxhuangling Wettable powder 800 times, or 80% Anthraquinone Formica WP 800 times, or 70% Mancozeb can Wet powder 800 times, or 50% carbendazim 1000 times spray. The above appointment uses a spray of 10 to 15 days, and sprays 2 to 3 times. It is best to use alternately.
At the beginning of the disease, the following medicines may be used to irrigate the roots: 70% DT wettable powder 400 times, 14% chromium ammonia bromide 300 times, or 10% double effect wettable powder 200 times, or 60% ethyl phosphorus Aluminum WP 400 times, or mancozeb WP 500 times. One of the above appointments, alternate use, 10 to 15 days once, even irrigation 2 times. The amount of liquid used per strain is 200-300 ml.
Note: spraying and root irrigation should be 15 to 20 days apart.
Author: Yunnan Agricultural University
First, the symptoms of tobacco anthrax from the seedbed to the field phase of the whole reproductive period can occur continuously, but the most serious damage at seedling stage. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves were spotted with dark green spots on the leaves and gradually enlarged into 2 to 5 mm round lesions. The center was gray to yellowish-brown, the edges were slightly dark brown, and several lesions were connected. Withered. The lesions on the main veins, petioles, and stems of the leaves are fusiform brown and the lesions often crack. When the weather is wet, small dark spots appear on the lesions, which are the conidium discs and conidia of pathogenic fungi.
The incidence of tobacco cataplexy was found at the base of the seedlings. It was initially stained with water stains and gradually developed into a brownish-water rot. The disease is contagious, and the diseased seedlings are burned like boiling water. The diseased seedlings become dark green, wilting, lodging, and rot. Under wet conditions, a white spider web appears on the surface of the sickle, which is the mycelium of the pathogenic fungi.
Tobacco Blight This disease is common in the late stage of the seedbed, the site of the disease is in the base of the stem of the seedlings, brown spots appear in the early diseased part, the lesion gradually spreads around the stem, and the damaged stem gradually shrinks and becomes thin. The diseased seedlings wilted and died. When wet, the disease minister produces a white silky filament that is the mycelium of the pathogenic fungi. In the later period, milky yellow to dark brown, such as rapeseed-like round sclerotia, appeared on white silk.
Second, the occurrence of more than three fungal diseases occur in the same basic rules. 1 Overwintering methods and wintering sites: Anthrax is overwintering with mycelium, conidia on sick bodies, soil fertilizers, and seeds; damping-off; oospores and chlamydospores are overwintering in the soil; blight occurs with sclerotia Winter in the soil. 2 Spread: The above three seedling diseases can be spread by irrigation water, activities of underground pests, and man-made agricultural operations in the field. 3 Invasive Pathways: Pathogens invade through stem holes, leaf stomata, and wounds on plants. 4 disease conditions: warm and humid is conducive to disease, high groundwater level, poor management, unreasonable fertilization, and heavy onset.
Third, prevention and control measures
1. Choose the seedbed land, and conduct bed soil disinfection to select new land in sandy loam with high topography, good drainage, and fertile soil. Greenhouses or plastic greenhouses use sterile soil. If the ripening soil is fully sun dried, it shall be disinfected with chemicals. Method: Use 70% pentachloronitrobenzene and 50% thiram for every square meter of bed soil, 8 grams each, mix 10-15 kilograms of soil, or mix 50% seed dressing double and 70% mancozeb manganese 8 grams each. ~ 15 kg of soil. Before the application of poisonous soil, soak the seedbed soil, soak 1/3 of the toxic soil on the surface of the seedlings. After sowing, cover the top 2/3 poisonous soil, so that the seeds will be caught in the middle of the toxic soil. Exposure, control effect, efficacy can reach more than 40 days; formalin can also be used to treat soil, but must be carried out 2 to 3 weeks before sowing. Method: First loosen bed soil, according to formalin per square meter of bed soil 50 ml, add water 20 to 40 kg (depending on the amount of water depends on the dryness and humidity of the soil) showering, sealed with plastic film bed 3 For 5 days, remove the film and loosen the soil. After 2 weeks, the remaining liquid in the soil is fully volatilized before seeding.
2. Seed disinfection Sterilization 100 times solution formalin soaking for 10 minutes, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times soaking for 20 minutes. Or silver nitrate 1000 times liquid soaking for 10 minutes, the above agents soaked with water after rinsing and then germination or air dry sowing. Or seed dressing with 0.2% of 75% chlorothalonil of seed weight.
3. Chemicals can be used to control the early onset of Bordeaux mixture 1:1.5:200, or 25% Auxhuangling Wettable powder 800 times, or 80% Anthraquinone Formica WP 800 times, or 70% Mancozeb can Wet powder 800 times, or 50% carbendazim 1000 times spray. The above appointment uses a spray of 10 to 15 days, and sprays 2 to 3 times. It is best to use alternately.
At the beginning of the disease, the following medicines may be used to irrigate the roots: 70% DT wettable powder 400 times, 14% chromium ammonia bromide 300 times, or 10% double effect wettable powder 200 times, or 60% ethyl phosphorus Aluminum WP 400 times, or mancozeb WP 500 times. One of the above appointments, alternate use, 10 to 15 days once, even irrigation 2 times. The amount of liquid used per strain is 200-300 ml.
Note: spraying and root irrigation should be 15 to 20 days apart.
Author: Yunnan Agricultural University
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