What kind of animals to raise must first consider the nutritional characteristics of animals in order to maintain good. Nutrition, on the other hand, is directly related to the feeds eaten by certain animals.
(1) The species of feed for nutria can be divided into green feed, rough feed, energy feed, protein supplement feed, mineral feed and feed additive according to the nutritive characteristics and uses of feed that can be used by nutria. In all types of feeds, green feed is the main feed for beavers, and energy feeds and protein supplements are mainly derived from concentrates.
1. Green fodder Commonly used green fodder feed beans, peas, clover, alfalfa, beans, barley, corn, sweet sorghum, buckwheat and gray vegetables, dandelion, psyllium, bitter vegetables, duckweed, cattails, Also eat a small amount of trees, shrub leaves and tree branches. However, silage is generally not used due to poor palatability for coypu. Green feed can meet the protein requirements of the nutria in any physiological state. In addition, green feed is also rich in vitamins. However, due to the small stomach volume of the coypu, and the green feed contains more crude fiber, it can not be fed only to the green feed, even if each adult rat can eat 0.5 to 0.75 kg of high-quality green feed every day, it can only meet its nutrition 50% to 70% of the amount is required. If this is done after 20 days of feeding, the coypu will be thinned and the weight will be reduced by more than 20%. Therefore, the caged caperella often has many green feedstuffs in its pens. Therefore, green feed fed with cereals not only enhances palatability, but also improves digestibility.
2. Forages containing more than 18% of crude fiber feed, collectively referred to as roughage, mainly refers to hay, hay powder, straw, oyster shell and so on. Roughage is best with hay, hay contains protein 7% to 14%, crude fiber 20% to 35%, and more vitamins. In dry matter of high quality hay, the content of digestible protein can be more than 12%. The amount of crude fiber in straw is high, the digestibility is low, and the crude protein content is also low. The clam shell refers to the glume, molting, and outer skin of the seed. Although its nutrition is higher than that of the straw, it is rarely used to directly feed the coypu. Due to the low nutritional value of the roughage, poor palatability, and low digestibility, it is generally not necessary to add roughage to the diet of the coypu. However, in the winter, there is very little green feed, but some roughage can be fed, but it should not exceed 5% to 10% (energy ratio) of the diet. The weaned young rats can only feed 5 to 10 grams per day and adult rats 17 to 50 grams. If you feed more, for example, 150 to 300 grams per day, 90% of the hay will be wasted, causing waste. Grass powder contains digestible protein, carotene, vitamin D, E, and B vitamins, as well as calcium and phosphorus major elements and active substances, so a small amount of supplemented grass powder (about 15-30 grams) will increase nutritional value in the diet . Adding green grass powder to compound feed or granular material feeding the nutria effect is good, and the green grass can account for 10% to 20% of the dry matter of the diet. If it exceeds 25%, the palatability thereof will be lower and the production performance will be reduced.
3. Energy feed Energy feed refers to crude fiber content below 18%, and 100 g dry matter contains more than 1,046 kJ of digestive energy (high energy feed of 1,256 kJ or more). Energy feeds include corn, barley, oats, sorghum, wheat, rice bran, etc. These seeds have a large amount of starch and have a high digestibility. With more phosphorus, these phosphorus often have an adverse effect on the absorption of calcium. Therefore, these seeds are actually fed. The coypu should be properly supplemented with calcium. In addition, tubers, tubers, and melons are also energy feeds, and all can be fed with nutria, but it should be noted that cassava and potatoes contain poisonous substances such as hydrocyanic acid and solanine, and they should be steamed and fed again, but also black sweet potatoes. Spot disease can cause poisoning; can not simply feed roots, tubers and fruits, each day can only feed 15% to 30% of the diet. Most of the roots and tuber plants contain different degrees of oxalic acid, which can be combined with calcium, iron and other elements to synthesize insoluble oxalate, thus affecting the absorption of minerals and making it easier for the coydian to diarrhea. In the stem, the leaves contained in it cannot exceed 1/3 of the roots and tubers. If 100-200 grams of leaves are fed each day, it is advisable to add 0.1-1 grams of chalk to the diet. At present, many countries have fed a large number of cooked potatoes to coypu, and the results are good.
4. Protein supplements Protein supplements mainly include legume seeds (soybeans, black beans, peas, broad beans, adzuki beans, etc.), by-products of processing (bean cakes, cottonseed cakes, rapeseed cakes, sunflower cakes, flaxseed cakes, etc.) and animals. Protein supplement feed (such as milk and dairy products, meat powder, bone meal, blood meal, fish meal, feather meal, silkworm meal, etc.). The common feature of these feedstuffs is high protein content and relatively complete essential amino acids, which are indispensable in compound feeds. However, it should be noted that there are a small number of harmful substances in the bean cake, such as trypsin inhibitor, hemagglutinin, saponin and goitre inducer, etc., can not be fed and fed; cottonseed cake containing naphthalene derivatives gossypol, The cells, blood vessels and nerves that can harm the body must be heated or treated before feeding, and the amount should not be excessive. Generally, no cottonseed cakes are fed to the beavers during production. The rapeseed cakes are spicy, poorly palatable and contain mustardine. They are harmful to animals and must be cooked and fed. They should not be fed. In the diet of the nutria, the seeds of beans can account for about 30% of the diet, adult rats can feed 10 to 15 grams each day, and 2 to 6 months of young rats can feed 5 to 10 grams. The proportion of cakes in the diet should not be too high, and they can feed 20-50 grams per day. Diet can not be long-term lack of full-price protein feed, otherwise there will be maternal deterrence rate decreased, easy to abortion, producing weak, growth retardation of the pups, the decline in the quality of the skin and the death of pups and other phenomena. The coypu is poorly adaptable to animal feeds. When combined with vegetal feeds, it is advisable that animal feeds account for 10% to 20% of metabolizable energy.
In recent years, it has been found that yeasts cultured in pulp liquid and feed yeast cultured with petroleum products are good for the feeding of nutria as a source of protein and B vitamins. Rats and adults receive 5 to 15 grams of yeast each day. Heat treated yeast and yeast not contaminated with the pathogen can be fed (15 days before slaughter).
5. Minerals Feed animals need more than ten minerals for their normal life. The wild nutria eat a variety of feeds, and each animal and plant feed contains a certain amount of minerals that can complement each other, so there is no shortage. However, the necessary minerals must be added to the captives. Most of the nutria feeds in the nutria are lack of calcium. The green feed lacks sodium and chlorine. In the succulent feed, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and chlorine are deficient. Although the animal feed contains more comprehensive minerals, the amount is less. Salt is the main source of sodium and chlorine. It is advisable to feed 0.5 to 1 g of each coypu in the summer and winter. Excessive salt is also harmful. If the diet of the nutria contains fish meal and meat and bone meal, it is generally not necessary to add calcium and phosphorus. In the case of cereal-based feeds, chalk, limestone or shell powder or calcium phosphate should be added to the diet. It is advisable to add 0.5 to 1 g per day to each diet. There should be calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium and sulfur in the major elements; trace elements should contain iron, copper, cobalt, iodine, zinc, manganese, selenium, molybdenum, fluorine, antimony, bromine, antimony, vanadium , chromium, silicon, etc. (of which iodine, iron, copper, cobalt, selenium are more important). Without minerals, the coypu has many diseases.
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