Fertilizer damage can occur in several different forms, each with its own causes and effects on plant health. One common type is dehydration-type fertilizer injury, which typically happens when a large amount of chemical fertilizer is applied all at once or when the soil is too dry. This leads to a high concentration of fertilizer solution in the soil, causing water to move out of the plant cells through reverse osmosis, resulting in dehydration. Affected plants may show symptoms like wilting, resembling frost damage or scalding from hot water. In mild cases, growth is stunted, but in severe cases, the entire plant can die. To prevent this, it's important to apply fertilizers in moderate amounts and, if the soil is dry, flush it with water after application.
Another type of fertilizer damage is called "smoke-type" injury, which occurs when fertilizers such as ammonia or ammonium bicarbonate are used in high temperatures. These materials can release large amounts of ammonia gas, which can harm the plants. Symptoms include yellowing of the lower leaves and overall poor growth. In extreme cases, the plant may turn red or yellow and eventually die. To avoid this, it's best to avoid applying these types of fertilizers during hot weather.
Seed burn is another issue that often occurs when too much fertilizer is used directly with seeds. Fertilizers like calcium superphosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea, or lime nitrogen can cause damage to the seeds or young seedlings, leading to poor germination or weak growth. To prevent this, it's essential to use proper application rates and avoid placing these fertilizers in direct contact with seeds.
Lastly, there's toxic fertilizer injury, which can happen when certain chemicals, such as lime nitrogen, are applied to the soil. These substances undergo chemical changes in the soil before being absorbed by the plant. However, during this process, some toxic compounds may be released, which can harm or even kill the plant. To reduce the risk, it's crucial to follow recommended application rates and use fertilizers responsibly and safely.
By understanding these different types of fertilizer damage and taking preventive measures, farmers and gardeners can protect their crops and ensure healthier plant growth.
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Jiangxi Chengzhi Bioengineering Co., Ltd , https://www.chengzhi-bio.com