1. Soil Preparation and Fertilization: Choose well-drained loam or sandy loam soil for optimal growth. Apply 3000-4000 kg of organic compost as a base fertilizer per mu, along with 12.5-15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5-8 kg of potassium sulfate as seed fertilizer. These should be incorporated into the soil before sowing or planting to ensure even nutrient distribution.
2. Sowing Time Selection: For greenhouse cultivation, start seedlings in mid-February and transplant them in early April. In open fields, sow seeds in early March and transplant in late April. For autumn greenhouse production, start seedlings in mid-June and transplant in mid-July. In open field conditions during autumn, sow seeds in early June and allow them to grow naturally in the open air.
3. Seedling Raising Methods: Prepare raised beds with a width of 1-1.2 meters. Soak the bed thoroughly before sowing 5-7 grams of seeds per square meter. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil (about 0.5 cm). Once the seedlings have developed two true leaves and reach a spacing of 6.5x6.5 cm, they can be transplanted directly into the field.
4. Seedling Management: After germination, maintain a temperature of 20-22°C. During normal growth, keep the temperature between 18-20°C. A week before transplanting, gradually lower the temperature to 10-12°C to harden off the seedlings. Water management is crucial during this phase—avoid overwatering to prevent leggy growth and weak plants.
5. Planting Techniques: Space rows 60-65 cm apart with 28-30 cm between plants. In spring, use mulch films to cover the ground and help retain moisture. Monitor for prolonged growth periods that may lead to high-temperature flower bulbs, which can reduce quality and commercial value.
6. Field Management: (1) Watering: Water thoroughly after planting, then apply a slow watering after 3-5 days to help the seedlings establish. Once the seedlings are established and begin forming flower buds, water sparingly, keeping the soil slightly moist. During the ball swelling period, water every 4-5 days to promote healthy growth. (2) Fertilization: Apply additional nutrients based on plant growth. If plants show signs of weakness or nutrient deficiency, spray 0.5-1% urea or 0.5-1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7-10 days for 2 applications to encourage bud development. For leaf ball expansion, use 0.1-0.5% borax or 0.05-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution every 5-7 days, applying 2-3 times to prevent physiological issues. (3) Greenhouse Temperature Control: After spring greenhouse cultivation, maintain nighttime temperatures at 10°C and daytime temperatures at 20°C. After 7-8 days of normal growth, adjust the temperature to 20-22°C during the day. When entering the ball formation stage, lower it to 18-20°C. If temperatures exceed 25°C, ventilate promptly. When outside temperatures remain above 10°C, keep ventilation open overnight. Later, remove the plastic film and allow the plants to grow freely on the ground.
7. Timely Harvesting: Harvest when the buds are still closed, cutting them along with the thick stems. Axillary buds on the main stem can produce lateral branches; generally, leave 2-3 branches, and the upper parts can continue to produce new buds for multiple harvests (2-3 times).
8. Pest and Disease Control: (1) Pest Control: - Yellow Stripe: This pest mainly affects young seedlings. Use pyrethroid insecticides like 2.0% EC Emamectin Benzoate (2000 times dilution) or 25% EC Chlorantraniliprole (1500 times) for control. Spray once, then repeat every 7 days for a total of 2 sprays. - Small Cabbage Moth: Also known as the "Hanging Caterpillar," this is one of the most damaging pests for cabbage and broccoli. The larvae feed on leaves, causing holes and damage. Control using acaricidal pesticides such as 1.8% Indoxacarb EC (600 times), 24.5% Dichlorvos (2000 times), or 58% Methyl Parathion (1000 times). (2) Disease Control: - Black Spot: A fungal disease that affects leaves and petioles, causing dark spots and black mold. Prevent by spraying Zeson Zinc 70% WP (400-500 times) or Chlorothalonil 75% WP (500-800 times) before or at the early stage of infection, repeating every 7-10 days for 2-3 applications. - Downy Mildew: Appears as yellow-green patches on leaves, with white mold on the underside. It thrives in high humidity and warm conditions. Control by ensuring proper drainage, avoiding overwatering, and using 25% Triflumizole WP (0.3% seed weight for seed dressing). Early application of 75% Chlorothalonil (500-600 times) or 77.2% Pyraclostrobin (600-900 times) is effective.
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