Film-mulching cultivation has the functions of increasing temperature, keeping water, conserving fertilizer, improving soil physical and chemical properties, increasing soil fertility, inhibiting weed growth, and reducing disease. In the case of continuous rainfall, it also has the function of reducing humidity, thereby promoting plant growth and development. Early flowering results increase production and reduce labor costs. However, plastic film mulching cultivation cannot simply be understood as the mulching of the mulch to the ground. The effect of increasing the mulching film comes out. It must be done in strict accordance with the requirements of technical regulations for mulching cultivation in order to obtain the desired results. The specific steps are: First, the preparation of pepper is not suitable for continuous cropping with the same crop, because some of the diseases of pepper can spread through the soil, the selected plot before the crop can not be pepper, tobacco, potatoes, eggplant, tomato and other Solanaceae crops, and other Crop rotation or crop rotation, but due to the actual situation in rural areas, there are problems in all the rotating bases every year. Therefore, appropriate agricultural comprehensive technologies should be adopted, such as seed disinfection, seed bed disinfection, deep turning, ramming soil, soil disinfection and other measures. To prevent the occurrence of diseases and extend the time suitable for planting peppers (according to the test of the Municipal Agricultural Science Institute: After the pepper test plots are processed, they can be used for continuous planting). The general requirement is that the selected land should be deep, fertile, loose, and well drained, with slightly acidic and neutral soils with a pH of 6.2-7.2 on the basis of deep-turning earth, 10-15 before planting. Days, full earthworms are made fine, and debris and other debris are removed from the ground. Second, for the car and planting density 1, for the car: After the base fertilizer applied, further land preparation for the car, generally 1.1-1.2 meters to open the car (that is, a package of a ditch), car width is about 70cm, walkway 40-50cm, car surface is certain Less fine, flattened into an arch (that is, a little higher in the middle), so that after covering, can be closely matched with the soil surface. Car not to mention too high, do not be too low, generally 10-15cm is better, the car is 70cm wide, the ditch must be flat, the main and secondary ditch to lead in all directions, is conducive to drainage. 2, planting density: the use of wide and narrow rows of planting, suitable density of 1.1-1.2 meters open box (including a surface ditch) planting spacing 0.4-0.5 meters, spacing 0.3-0.4 meters, double-row double planting, acres of planting 3000 nests. According to the variety, the planting density differs, the plants grow vigorously, and the plants grown more thinly than the developed plants; Third, the fertilization 1, a reasonable fertilization: General mu application of organic fertilizer 2500-3000kg, potassium 20-30kg (or 100-150kg of grass ash), superphosphate 40-50kg. According to the differences in soil fertility, reasonable formula fertilization. 2, re-basal: the fertilizer accounted for 60-70% of the total fertilization, as a base fertilizer applied to planting a one-time line, in which all the phosphorus fertilizer as a base fertilizer. Basal fertilizers should be applied to the soil 7-10 days before planting. 3. The application method of basal fertilizer: furrow application, nest application or spreading, and furrow application in the middle of car surface (approx. 15cm deep) or two sets of planting lines to raise furrows, apply fertilizer, and apply the plant spacing in rows. The fertilizer is applied to the ditch. The application is to evenly spread the fertilizer on the surface of the car. However, regardless of the fertilization method, the fertilizer and the soil must be fully mixed and mixed, and the fineness should be lessened and leveled. ) to avoid burning roots when planting and cause dead seedlings. The three fertilization methods can be selected according to the actual situation, and the utilization rate of the fertilization and nest fertilization materials is higher, the effect is good, and the spreading effect is poor. Fourth, watering cover film The front side of the car must be irrigated, or after the rain (soil to be soaked) and then cover the film, so that the soil in the car room contains sufficient water, so that after the film is covered, through the role of the soil capillary, Continuously rise to the surface and maintain the soil moisture. However, the mulch cannot be covered immediately after watering or raining, because the evaporation of the soil on the back cover surface of the cover film is very small, which may cause the soil moisture in the film to be too large and form “padding soilâ€, which will adversely affect the growth of seedling roots. After watering, the cover soil must be “sweat-retarded†before it can be covered. Fifth, the cover film is currently artificially laid in Chongqing. For ease of operation, it is best to have a group of 2 people. Firstly, the film is unrolled, the film is tightly pressed to close to the ground, and the two ends of the film are compacted with soil. At the same time, the soil is tightly pressed on both sides of the film. The quality of the film directly affects the function and effect of the film, which is common in production. Problem: The uneven surface, impervious to water, lax film, etc., seriously reduce the effect of plastic film cultivation. Six, planting and selecting the appropriate planting period: In order to obtain high yield, it is necessary to strive to harvest Fuqianjiao and Fuhoujiao, so the planting time can not be too late. In general, the wintering seedlings are planted around the vernal equinox (March 20), and the spring planting seedlings are planted around Ching Ming (April 5). The planting period for growing spring chilli seedlings is comparable to that of dry pepper cultivation. About 15 days late planting, the overall principle is to choose cold tail warmer planting, is conducive to slow seedling survival. After 3-5 days of covering the membrane, the temperature rises and the planting can be achieved. According to the required line spacing, the mulch was cut into small holes and the seedlings were planted into the holes. When planting seedlings can not be too deep, and then poured a small amount of rooting water, and use fine soil to seal the planting hole, do not press the hand, in the surrounding seedlings to cultivate a small mound above the box surface, prevent the wind from the planting hole Department Blast the film to achieve insulation and reduce soil moisture evaporation. Seven, field management film covering cultivation, eliminating the field management techniques such as cultivator, earth, etc., in the case of a good cover film quality, the basic need for weeding. Therefore, plastic film mulching cultivation saves a lot of operation and management necessary for the original open field cultivation, but it also adds new field management contents. This is the protection of the plastic film. The specific requirements are: 1. Plastic film protection: After the pepper seedlings are planted, the plastic film covering the surface of the box is often damaged due to wind, rain, and field operations. Some film surfaces are cracked, and some are not tightly covered by the pressure. Leakage of the running wind along the membrane caused evaporation of soil moisture, decreased ground temperature, and loss of plastic film coverage. Therefore, when carrying out various field operations, care should be taken to protect the mulch from damage and to inspect it frequently. If any cracked or lax place is found, it should be compacted with soil in time to function as a plastic film. In the middle period of pepper growth, the branches and leaves of the plants have been covered with the surface of the car. For the convenience of fertilization, the membrane can be scratched and filled with fertilizer. However, it is not necessary to remove all the plastic film so that the plastic film can continue to function as a water and fertilizer supplement. 2, fertilizer application: pay attention to timely fertilizer. After the planting and survival to the early flowering stage: pouring a small amount of faecal water, the result of flowering: timely topdressing concentrated fertilizer (fat to water ratio of 5:5), according to the standard of 3-4kg per acre, while adding potash; in the "head volt" Or "two volts" applied health-care fertilizer (fat-water ratio of 4:6) once; in the "summer heat" to "white dew" fertilizer application (fat to water ratio 5:5) once, during the flowering results, available 0.2-0.3% phosphoric acid Potassium dihydrogen foliar dressing 2-3 times. Top dressing methods include root irrigation and foliar spray.
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