During the production of straw mushrooms, it's common to see some young mushrooms wither and die, leading to financial losses. Here are the reasons behind this issue and some preventive measures.
Firstly, inadequate ventilation is a major factor. Straw mushrooms are high-temperature aerobic fungi that need ample oxygen to grow. Sometimes, to raise the temperature inside the growing pile, plastic sheets are kept over them for extended periods. This results in excessive carbon dioxide levels, making it hard for the mushrooms to grow properly. From day one to four after sowing, ensure daily ventilation for at least half an hour. As the mycelium grows and pin mushrooms emerge, increase ventilation accordingly.
Secondly, insufficient water is another problem. Straw mushrooms require a lot of moisture throughout their growth cycle. If there’s a lack of water during pile formation or when sowing, or if the grass used is too thin and doesn’t retain moisture well, it can lead to wilting mushrooms. After sowing, once the mycelium spreads and forms pin mushrooms, water should be added generously. After the first flush of mushrooms, additional watering is essential, and the surface of the grass should be misted to stop water evaporation.
Thirdly, temperature fluctuations can harm the mushrooms. While the ideal temperature for mushroom mycelium growth and fruiting is around 30°C, prolonged high temperatures in summer can kill off small mushrooms in large numbers. To mitigate this, select a shaded location for cultivating straw mushrooms during summer. Cover the piles with grass mats, spray more water, and construct a shade canopy overhead.
Fourthly, the pH level of the growing medium matters. Straw mushroom mycelium thrives best in alkaline conditions. A pH below 6 inhibits mushroom formation. After the first harvest, spraying 1% lime water or 5% wood ash water can help maintain the pH at around 8.
Fifthly, water temperature plays a crucial role. Straw mushrooms are sensitive to water temperature. Using well water at around 20°C or ground water heated to over 40°C by direct sunlight can cause young mushrooms to die within a day. Watering should ideally be done in the early morning or late evening when the water temperature is closer to 30°C.
Lastly, bacterial infections, pests, and diseases pose risks. Using moldy straw or cultivating on unclean sites can attract pests. For instance, ticks in straw mushroom cultivation using cottonseed hulls can quickly destroy the mycelium, killing all mushrooms on the bed. Adding 3% tea seed meal or 0.2% trichlorfon solution to the grass can help control pests. Since mushrooms are highly sensitive to pesticides, avoid using them when mushrooms are present.
By addressing these factors, you can significantly reduce losses and improve your yield. These practical tips can help ensure healthier and more robust straw mushroom growth.
Sang Wenxiu
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