First, let’s talk about the signs of seedling damage. When seedlings are affected, you’ll notice round, yellow-white lesions forming on the cotyledons. As the issue progresses, these lesions spread across the entire leaf, eventually leading to the plant either halting its growth or withering away. For true leaves that are affected, small, near-circular spots will form initially, appearing pale yellow. Over time, these spots may develop holes, especially during the later stages, which then leave behind a characteristic black-edged, star-shaped hole post-perforation. If the leaf veins are impacted, tissue death occurs around the affected area, causing the surrounding tissues to shrink. When the tender stems are infected, they first exhibit water-soaked, light green patches that are either oval or irregular in shape. These areas later sink, darken to a brown hue, and start to rot severely. If the growing point is compromised, it can rot within 2 to 3 days. Tendrils turn brown and decay upon infection. Melons affected show signs of sagging and exude a translucent, gelatinous substance. This substance then hardens into an amber color. The diseased tissue ceases growth, causing the melon strip to bend. While the diseased parts don’t soften or decay, they may develop a black mold layer under high humidity conditions.
Secondly, here are some prevention and control measures. First, choose disease-resistant varieties such as Qianza No.1, Dandong Thorngut, Zhongnong 11, and Zhongnong 13. For seed treatment, soak them in 55°C water for 15 minutes or immerse them in a solution of 25% carbendazim diluted 300 times for 1 to 2 hours. Afterward, wash them thoroughly and allow them to germinate. For seedling soil, treat each square meter with 80% carbendazim at a rate of 50 grams per square meter before sowing. In terms of cultivation management, focus on using organic fertilizers supplemented with phosphorus and potassium to enhance the plant's resilience. Keep the greenhouse warm while avoiding high humidity levels. Maintain a daytime temperature between 28°C and 32°C and keep the relative humidity at around 60%. Control watering after the transplanting phase and remove any diseased tendrils from the trellis. After harvesting from infected fields, dispose of all diseased materials by burying or burning them.
For chemical control, start spraying with 80% Capitacan WP diluted 500 times or 50% carbendazim WP diluted 500 times at the onset of disease. Repeat this process every six days, applying the treatment two or three times in total.
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