1. There is an independent dairy farm area
Dairy farms generally include four functional areas, namely, living areas, aquaculture production areas, management areas and sewage treatment of feces and urine, and sick and disease management areas. The specific layout should follow the following principles: living areas and aquaculture production areas should be separated, living areas should be on the upper wind farms and high ground areas, and maintain a distance of 100 meters from the production area to ensure a good sanitation living environment. The aquaculture production area should be located in a low-lying location of the site area, and should be able to control the entry of off-site personnel and vehicles. At the gate, a guard communication room, a disinfection room, a dressing room, and a vehicle disinfection tank are set up. Non-production personnel are strictly prohibited from entering or exiting the site. In and out personnel and vehicles must be strictly sterilized by a disinfection room or a disinfection tank. The management area and the production area should be strictly separated, and a distance of 50 meters or more must be ensured. Outsiders can only operate in the management area. Fecal urine sewage treatment, diseased animal management area is located in the production area downwind, low ground, and maintain a distance of about 300 meters from the production area, should be easy to isolate, separate passages, easy to disinfect, easy to sewage treatment.
2. Reasonable herd structure
The herd structure directly affects the economic benefits of cattle farms. In order to maintain the stable production and high yield of dairy cows, the herds should be updated year by year, and the structure should always be maintained. Under normal circumstances, 53% of adult cows, 32% of bred cattle, and 15% of female yak; from the perspective of quality structure, high-yielding dairy cows account for more than 30% of the number of cattle, the general production of cattle accounts for about 60% The old weak and sick cows should be eliminated in time, and the healthy and high-yielding dairy cows should be selected in a planned manner to ensure a reasonable herd structure.
3. There is ample quality feed
Dairy cows are herbivores that are based on roughage. The higher the amount of milk produced, the more types of feed each day are eaten, and the quality of the feed is better. In order to maintain a certain amount of milk production, a certain amount of concentrated feed is also required. In general, dairy cows with an annual milk yield of 6,000 to 7,000 kilograms need 2000 kilograms of refined feed each year. Due to the large volume of feed, it is best to use local materials to save transportation costs. To this end, it is necessary to understand whether local or nearby can grow forage and green-feeding corn, whether or not crop straws can be used, whether there are by-products of grain or other crop processing (such as bran, corn bran, soybean hull, bean cake, cottonseed cake, vegetables). Seed cake can be used.
4. Scientific feeding and management techniques
Cows are more sensitive to temperament and require higher feeding and management. The sudden change of feed and the change of feeding time will not only affect milk production, but also cause digestive tract diseases. During feeding, attention should be paid to the reasonable collocation of refined roughage. The concentrate has the characteristics of high nutrient concentration, easy digestion, good absorption, and strong palatability, so high-yield dairy cattle should have more concentrates in their diets. In the mixed concentrate, it is also necessary to maintain a high level of protein in order to facilitate the proliferation of rumen microorganisms and increase feed intake. Therefore, keeping cows must master their physiological characteristics, and scientifically arrange the work schedule according to the seasonal changes and the amount of milk produced.
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