Salt damage in greenhouse cultivation is an important factor affecting yield. The salt damage in sheds is a combination of soil type, irrigation water quality, improper application of chemical fertilizers and salt tolerance of planted crops, which can lead to crop wilting and dead trees. And growth and development infertility.
Prevention:
First, adjust the proportion of organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and microbial fertilizer applied in shed fields. Organic fertilizers account for 65% of the growth period of shed crops, chemical fertilizers account for 30% of the growth period, and microbial fertilizers account for 5% of the total growth period. Livestock and poultry organic fertilizer is changed to cake organic fertilizer, such as fermented soybean meal, cotton aphid and so on. Chemical fertilizers should reduce the chlorine and sodium-containing components of different crops. Microbial fertilizers are always involved in the whole process of base fertilizer, top dressing and fertilization.
Secondly, in the shed field where the salt damage is serious, the special fertilizer for saline-alkali land is added 100-150kg/mu, and the effect is extremely remarkable. In the vegetable shed area of ​​Jixian County, under the advocacy of comrade Wang Daichun, a soil and fertilizer expert, the application of special fertilizers for saline-alkali soils prevented the occurrence and spread of soil “salt damageâ€. The low-yield shed gradually became a medium and high-yield shed, which was popular among vegetable farmers.
The third is to choose salt-tolerant vegetable varieties, such as Cucumber Jinyou No.1; cantaloupe rhubarb skin, black netting; cherry tomatoes; winter squash of zucchini; big black skin of watermelon.
The fourth is to control the amount of chemical fertilizer. In particular, the nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much, and the organic fertilizer must be fermented and decomposed. Fertilization in shed fields requires planned fertilization according to the amount of fertilizer required, and a small number of multiple fertilization methods are used. Prevent excessive use of fertilizer at one time. Generally, urea does not exceed 10kg per acre, and ammonium sulfate does not exceed 20kg per acre. Pay attention to proper watering after application, keep the soil moist and reduce the concentration of soil solution, which is beneficial to the exertion and absorption of fertilizer efficiency.
The fifth is to rationally choose the type of fertilizer. The order of salt-forming ability of common chemical fertilizers from high to low is: ammonium chloride > potassium chloride > ammonium nitrate > potassium sulfate > urea > ternary compound fertilizer > binary compound fertilizer. It can be seen that the salt-producing power of the chlorinated fertilizer is strong, and special attention should be paid to the application of greenhouse soil, followed by nitrate and sulphate fertilizer.
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