Scientists have discovered that in photosynthesis, plants that are exposed to excessive light have a way to eliminate excess energy. Without this regulation mechanism, excess energy will produce harmful by-products. Nancy Holt and colleagues used ultrafast measurement techniques to study intact plant cell membranes exposed to intense light. When chlorophyll is activated, it releases electrons as part of photosynthesis, but if plants are exposed to excessive light, this can lead to the formation of toxic chlorophyll. Under this condition, the plant synthesizes a pigment called zeaxanthin. Holt and colleagues say that high-energy chlorophyll and zeaxanthin combine to lose their activity. Then, excess energy is transferred from the chlorophyll to the binding material, and the energy is emitted in a harmless manner in the form of heat. The authors of the article pointed out that knowledge about this mechanism is crucial for understanding photosynthesis at the molecular level and may bring about advances in the design of biotechnology and artificial photosynthesis systems.
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