How to raise dairy cows in the winter

In order to maintain optimal health and productivity during the winter, dairy cows require special attention to their feeding, housing, and overall care. While dairy cows can tolerate lower temperatures, they generate more body heat, which increases their feed consumption. Studies have shown that when the temperature drops to 5°C (the ideal range is 8°C to 16°C), feed intake rises by about 7%. If the temperature continues to fall to -10°C, feed consumption can increase by as much as 22%. Therefore, it's essential to gradually increase the amount of concentrate feed starting from the beginning of winter. The feed should be palatable, varied, well-balanced, and nutrient-rich. In addition to high-quality hay, you should also provide a certain amount of juicy feeds such as molasses, carrots, and sweet potatoes. Silage can be used as a main feed, starting with small amounts and increasing up to around 15 kg per day. Increasing the number of feeding times can also help improve feed intake, which in turn supports higher milk production. Proper insulation and warmth are equally important. Although dairy cows have some cold resistance, it’s crucial to keep the barn at an appropriate temperature—above 6°C for adult cows and above 5°C for pregnant cows. During cold weather, add extra bedding or straw to the cow stalls, especially under the udder, to prevent discomfort, reduce the risk of mastitis, and support milk production. Insulating the barn effectively will also help prevent drafts and keep the environment more comfortable. Winter conditions can make the barn damp and chilly, so it's important to encourage movement and exposure to light. Keeping cows indoors for long periods can lead to health issues like arthritis. To prevent this, allow them to go outside for 2–3 hours each day during midday to get sunlight, which helps boost metabolism and improve cold resistance. Research from the United States has shown that exposing dairy cows to up to 16 hours of light per day during the first 60 days of lactation can increase milk production by 10%, even without changing their diet. Another key factor is water temperature. Swedish experts have found that the temperature of drinking water directly affects milk yield. Cows that drink water at 17°C produce the most milk, with an average of 24.8 kg per day. This highlights the importance of providing warm water during cold months to maintain productivity. To further support digestion and nutrient absorption, consider adding a bionic agent. Winter often leads to a lack of green and juicy feed, which can reduce microbial activity in the cow’s rumen, affecting fermentation and nutrient utilization. A product developed by Eastman Chemical Company—a series of calcium salts of fatty acids—can help improve digestion and significantly boost milk production without causing any harm to the animals. Finally, protecting pregnant cows during winter is critical. Poor nutrition, contaminated or frozen feed, and stress can all lead to miscarriage. Ensure that pregnant cows receive adequate protein, minerals, and vitamins. Additionally, manage them carefully—avoid sudden movements, loud noises, or physical trauma. Regular, gentle exercise is beneficial, but they should not be overworked or frightened. By implementing these measures, farmers can ensure their dairy cows remain healthy, productive, and well-prepared for the challenges of winter.

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