When people buy strawberries in the market, they usually buy fruit that is large, consistent, ripe, and sweet. However, we recently noticed in the strawberry producing areas that some of the strawberries grown by some farmers were deformed in a large amount and had to be taken off and abandoned on the ditch. It was a pity.
According to the conversation with planting farmers and the author's investigation and analysis, the causes of malformed fruit in strawberries are, from a large aspect, firstly, the staged ecological environment is incompatible with the growth and development of some strawberries, and the second is the cultivation and management technology. Not in place. Specifically, the affected factors include temperature, light, moisture, fertilizers, and pollination, resulting in poor plant growth in some strawberries. From the main factors, one is excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, the second is the lack of boron fertilizer, the third is high temperature and drought, and the fourth is poor drainage. For example, when there is too much nitrogen fertilizer, strawberry grows vigorously, and at the same time, two or more flower buds may be differentiated at the growing point, and it is easy to form flat cockscomb fruit after gathering. Another example is that when boron is insufficient, the flowers are small, pollination is poor, and the fruit shrinks on one side and becomes deformed. When the temperature is high and dry, the watering is excessive, the fruit is easily cracked and the flesh is exposed. Groundwater level is too high, drainage is not smooth, ventilation is not timely, often pollen germination, vitality is restricted, insect pollination is inhibited, poor fertilization, easy to form flattened fruit. In addition, the lack of honeybees in greenhouses in greenhouses will also reduce the success rate of strawberry pollination.
In order to improve the yield and quality of strawberries, the occurrence of malformed fruit should be prevented as soon as possible.
First of all, choose the species with high yield rate. The deformed fruit rate of some varieties is about 30%, the fruitful rate of Fengxiang and Lihong is high, the deformed fruit rate of All Stars is about 20%, and the deformed fruit of Hani is not more than 10%. Localities can choose according to local conditions.
Second, scientific formula fertilization. To achieve a combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, in particular, appropriate proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied. Each acre base fertilizer should be applied to the farmyard fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000 kg, 40 ~ 50 kg of superphosphate, potassium sulfate 15 kg, holding the boron of 0.2 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 30 kg. Every 20 days after planting, the compound fertilizer was chased once every 20 days, 10 kg per mu, and applied once a month at a later time. At the same time, spraying Huimanfeng Active Liquid Fertilizer and Sonic Boron 2 to 3 times.
Third, regulate temperature and humidity. Using plastic greenhouse insulation cultivation of strawberries, first, after the flowering does not easily surface irrigation is not easy; Second, the use of furrow irrigation, with the irrigation with row; third is to open a large shed outside the ditch, lower groundwater level; Fourth, timely lift the waist Ventilation of the window, control the humidity within the shed no more than 40%. At the same time, pay attention to adjust the temperature, the minimum temperature of not less than 0 °C, the maximum does not exceed 32 °C, daytime control at 25 °C ~ 28 °C.
Fourth, do a good job of supporting measures. The first is to put a bee into each half-acre shed to increase the probability of pollination; the second is to use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to prevent pests from flowering; third is to remove abnormally shaped young fruit; fourth is to constantly wipe out old leaves, Invalid axillary buds improve light conditions for normal birth of strawberries.
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