Cultivation Techniques of Interplanting Tomatoes in Greenhouse Grapes

First, planting mode 1. Grapes and tomatoes are grown on both north and south rows and grapes are cultivated on single-wall fences. 2. Row spacing: The grapes are 0.5 meters 2 meters. The tomatoes are planted in rows between the rows of grapes with a spacing of 0.35 meters. 3. Variety: Grapes use Polly rose, tomato varieties are mainly early-maturing and low-stalked Beijing early red varieties. 4. Solar greenhouse construction is 70-80 meters long (insufficient insulation effect is too long, 7.5 meters wide from north to south, behind the wide light is poor), the greenhouse uses steel arches, plastic film coverage. 5. Grapes are a multi-year planting method. Each year, 3,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is fully decomposed and used as a base fertilizer. Nitrogen is added in 3 kg per mu, 5 kg of phosphorus, and 4 kg of potassium. The roots of grapes are spread on the roots of the grapes and organic fertilizer is applied between the rows of grapes. 1,000 kilograms of mu, combined with deep turning, 25-30 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate and 20-30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate. Second, the main cultivation techniques points: During the breeding of tomato nursery tomatoes, according to the period of grape warming, the warming period of the grape in our farm is generally late in December. From this, it can be concluded that the nursery period of tomatoes is in the early November of the previous year (the seedling period of tomatoes is 50 Days or so). Seedlings for tomatoes are the same as ordinary conventional seedlings. They are mainly to prevent the seedlings from being leggy, cultivate strong seedlings, and transplant them at appropriate times. 2. Before the warming of the greenhouses warms the grapes, the lime is smeared with lime. The method is to apply lime nitrogen 5 times before the warming (from the end of November to the beginning of the month) to the resulting branches. Each kilogram of lime nitrogen has 5 kg of warm water at 50°C. Spraying the entire plant with an appropriate amount of spreading agent sprayer can be early germination for 15 days, and neat germination, the grape can be raised about 15 days in the morning. Warming of the greenhouse takes place in late December and begins after the winter solstice. Warming the greenhouse, the temperature can not rise too fast, such as the temperature is too high, the grape to germinate in advance, while the ground temperature can not keep up, resulting in incompatible plant root and root activities, germination is not neat. So start greenhouse warming and germination for a week to implement low-temperature management, maintain about 20 °C during the day, 10-15 °C at night, after the start of warming combined with topdressing before filling the bud water. 3. After transplanting the tomatoes in the greenhouse for one week, the temperature of the greenhouse is gradually increased. The temperature is maintained at 28-30°C during the day and 15-20°C at night. After 3 days, the tomatoes are transplanted and planted at a spacing of 40 cm and 35 cm between the rows of grapes. 4 Lines, acres of planting 4500. After planting cover mulch, and timely pouring water, avoid pouring water. After colonization, the temperature was maintained at about 30°C and a high temperature of 15-20°C was maintained at night. After the tomatoes were planted and resuscitated, they were sprayed with 1% short-strength element, sprayed once every 7 days, and sprayed twice in total. The concentration of the drug was strictly controlled. 4. Early summer management of grape shoots: Including shelves, wiping buds and thinning shoots. When the grapes grow 3-4 leaves, they start to appear. The buds are applied before the leaves are sprouted after the buds are sprouted, and the excess, late-planting, poor-spotted, thin, thin, and dense buds are wiped off; the branches are placed so that the buds are as close as possible to the raw vines, and the branches are arranged rationally. Bud density, adjust the plant's load. The three-year-old grapes will have 4-6 results per new shoot. Temperature and humidity management: During this period, the temperature is too high, the humidity is too large, will inevitably cause the shoots of the new shoots, to maintain the low temperature and low temperature become the key to management, temperature control during the day at 25 °C -30 °C, 15 °C at night is appropriate, and tomatoes This period is consistent with the requirements of temperature conditions. The humidity should be kept at 60%. Too big to ventilate and ventilate. If there is no sprout or weak germination, it is absolutely impossible to irrigate the water, and it is appropriate to fill the water 10-15 days before flowering. 5. Grape flowering management: Inflorescences, axillary spikes, decumbent: About 20 days after the sprouting of the grapes, the amount of thinning is determined according to the size and size of the inflorescence, 1/5-1/4 of the tip of the spike is removed, and the tendrils are consumed by nutrients. Remove at any time. Take control measures to increase the fruit setting rate: spray 2-40% borax solution on the leaves and inflorescence 2-4 days before flowering, and spray 100-150 times liquid auxiliaries on the initial flowering stage. Temperature and humidity management: During this period, the relative humidity is lower, and the lower humidity is conducive to the smooth progress of pollination and fertilization. Temperature index: Keep around 28°C during the day, 16-18°C during the night, 50% humidity, and high humidity should be ventilation. 6. The number of ears identified in late-stage technical management of tomatoes: 4-6 ears per plant, 2-3 fruits per ear. Deeply turning the tomatoes on the premise of not damaging the roots, increasing the temperature of the soil and enhancing the ventilation of the soil. Grasp the humidity and timely fill the first water: When the first order walnut is large, the second order fruit broad beans, the third order fruit buds just flowering, the end of the seedlings, start irrigation. Each time after 10-15 days, combined with topdressing urea 15-20 kg per mu, irrigation water combined with the appropriate period of time in advance or postponed grapes. To prevent flowering, fruit drop and malformed fruit: Due to the temperature factor, the 2.4-D flower stalk can be used, and the concentration of 10-20 mg/kg can be used. Other conditions can improve the soil moisture by adjusting the light and adjusting the soil moisture. Increase CO2 and other measures to regulate. 2.4-D flower handle should not be repeated, the concentration should not be too high to prevent malformation. Comprehensive measures during the fruit period: temperature is maintained at 25-28°C; soil water content is 20%-25%; water is poured in 10-15 days (combined with water demand of grapes); early cover of straw curtain is released; spraying with dihydrogen phosphate Potassium 300 times, spray once every 7-10 days. Ethylene benefit ripening: ripening 500-1000 mg/kg on fruit stems; ripening 2000-3000 mg/kg when fruit picking. 7. Young fruit - management of hard water and nutrients during fertilization: Topdressing with phosphorus and potash fertilizers, potash fertilizer applied one time before and after the hard core period, with 2.5-3 kg per kilogram of pure potassium (Pure) It can be applied in batches of 1.5 kg/mu in the post-anthesis and pre-hard core stages; irrigation during this period depends on soil conditions and tomato irrigation conditions. Summer cut: Twisted shoots, grapevines in the greenhouse tend to sprout differently, and in order to keep the length of the resulting shoots roughly the same before flowering, the first germinating buds twist the base, slowing down the growth, and achieving a consistent purpose after 10-18 days. Leading tie: Uniformly distribute the resulting branches on the shelf. Topping: In the resulting inflorescence leaves 5-6 leaves topping, nutritious branches to leave 4-5 leaves topping, and only 1-2 tips are left in the secondary shoots after topping, leaving 2-4 on each accessory tip. Leaf repeatedly topping. Sparse and thinning fruit: 15-20 days after flowering, sparse panicles and fruit thinning are carried out. The result is that the branches are strong and leave 2 spikes, the golden mean leaves 1 spike, and the weak ones do not stay, keeping 4-6 spikes per main vine; The fruitfulness of fruiting and early and late sparsely eliminate some of the dense fruit and unisexual fruit. Temperature and humidity management: Increasing the night temperature during this period has great significance for promoting the growth and maturation of young fruit. The night temperature is maintained at 18-20°C and cannot exceed 20°C. At this time, the outside temperature rises, and the ventilation and ventilation are performed in time, and the temperature is maintained at 25-28°C during the day. The largest amount of water needed during this period is a key management period for promoting early maturation of grapes in the solar greenhouse and should be filled with water in a timely manner. 8. Grape coloring and ripening management: In the beginning of coloring, remove the old leaves from the base, and spray hard 40% ethephon 1500 times with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. When the berry becomes soft, spray 2000 times with ethylene napthalic acid. 500 times, both ripening and anti-dropping. Temperature and Humidity: During this period, the outdoor temperature is already high, the membrane has been basically removed, temperature management and air humidity are not the key, but the demand for water is also more in this period, and irrigation should be done 1-2 times in a timely manner. However, irrigation should be stopped later. 9. Harvest tomatoes and grapes at appropriate time. After harvesting, the grapes should be timely irrigated to accumulate nutrients, leaving no fruit for 2 times, followed by normal management of regular grapes. 10. Diseases and Insect Pests Diseases and pests of grapes and tomatoes should be controlled in time. Grape pests and diseases mainly include blackpox, white rot, anthrax, downy mildew, blight and fertilizer; insect pests include thrips, whiteflies, and two-leaf insects. . The main diseases of tomatoes: early blight, late blight, gray mold, and viral diseases.

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