**Fresh Corn Cultivation and Management Techniques in the Field**
After planting, the period from emergence to the jointing stage is a critical phase for fresh corn. This stage is essential for promoting early growth and establishing a strong foundation for high yields. Proper management during this time is crucial. Here are some key practices:
1. **Temperature Control and Film Removal**
After planting, it's important to monitor temperature, especially if the field is covered with plastic films. The ideal greenhouse temperature should be kept between 25–30°C. If temperatures rise too high, proper ventilation should be ensured. At night, when temperatures remain above 10°C, the greenhouse should not be opened to help increase the temperature difference, which promotes stronger plant growth. Once nighttime temperatures stabilize above 12°C, the film should be removed around mid-April. Be cautious of high temperatures above 23°C, as they can harm young plants.
2. **Drainage System Maintenance**
Corn is sensitive to both waterlogging and drought. It's important to keep the drainage ditches clean and deep. Ensure that the ditches are properly maintained to allow for efficient irrigation and drainage throughout the growing season.
3. **Pest Control**
After transplanting, corn is often affected by pests like cutworms and aphids. Cutworms can be controlled using trichlorfon bait, while aphids should be treated with imidacloprid. Timely intervention helps prevent damage and ensures healthy plant development.
4. **Tiller Removal**
Corn is a single-ear crop, so any tillers that appear at the base should be removed as soon as they are noticed. These tillers consume nutrients without producing a viable ear, which can reduce overall yield and quality.
5. **Nutrient Management During the Thickening Stage**
During the thickening stage, the plant requires sufficient nutrients to develop a strong stalk and large ears. If the leaves begin to show signs of yellowing or reddish sheaths, it may indicate nutrient deficiency. In such cases, apply about 10 kg of urea per acre to support robust growth.
**Bootling to Harvest Management**
1. **Apply Panicle Fertilizer**
This is a critical time for determining ear size and number. Apply fertilizer after the jointing stage, during tassel and silking development. For spring-planted corn, the best time is when there are 13–14 leaves, and for summer-planted corn, when there are 12–13 leaves. A typical application is around 15 kg of urea per mu.
2. **Remove Extra Ears**
After silking, multiple ears may form on the same plant. Removing extra ears allows the plant to focus its energy on developing one large, high-quality ear. Only the top ear should be left to ensure full grain filling.
3. **Drought Management**
The booting stage is the peak period for water demand. If dry and hot weather persists, irrigation should be done promptly. Furrow irrigation and drainage systems should be used to maintain optimal moisture levels.
4. **Pest Prevention**
Late-season pests like corn borers and aphids can significantly affect the quality of fresh corn. Use safe insecticides like diphtheria or imidacloprid, and avoid organophosphorus pesticides. Encourage the use of biological control methods where possible.
**Timely Harvesting**
The best time to harvest waxy corn is about 25 days after pollination in spring, and 22–23 days in summer. The kernels should be soft but not watery, and the silk should turn dark brown. If the weather is warm, the maturation process speeds up, so regular checks are necessary to ensure timely harvesting and maintain the quality of the ears.
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