In the process of straw mushroom cultivation, it's common to observe that young mushrooms wilt and die, which can lead to significant losses in production. There are several key factors contributing to this issue, and understanding them is crucial for improving yield and quality.
First, the substrate used for growing Pleurotus eryngii (a type of straw mushroom) should be slightly alkaline. When the pH level drops below 6, mushroom growth becomes difficult. An acidic environment encourages the growth of harmful molds like green or yellow mold, which compete for nutrients and ultimately harm the mushrooms. To prevent this, the pH of the substrate should be adjusted to around 8. After the first harvest, spraying a 1% lime solution or 5% wood ash water can help maintain the ideal pH level and support healthy growth.
Second, temperature fluctuations can be very damaging to young mushrooms. They are highly sensitive to changes in temperature. If the substrate temperature falls below 28°C, it can slow down or even stop mushroom development, leading to death. Sudden drops in temperature—such as during a cold snap or storm—can be especially dangerous, potentially killing both young and mature mushrooms. Maintaining stable environmental conditions is essential for successful cultivation.
Third, improper watering practices can also cause damage. Straw mushrooms require careful water management. The water used for spraying should ideally match the room temperature. For instance, using cold well water in summer can shock the mushrooms and cause widespread death. It's best to spray in the early morning or late evening when temperatures are more moderate, and the water temperature should be around 30°C. Additionally, the timing and method of watering must be adjusted according to the growth stage. During the early stages, excessive moisture can be harmful, so it’s important to avoid spraying directly on the fruiting bodies until they are larger.
Fourth, physical damage during harvesting can negatively impact mushroom health. The mycelium network is delicate and easily disturbed. If the picking process is too rough, it can damage nearby mushrooms and disrupt the nutrient supply. To minimize this risk, always handle the mushrooms gently. When harvesting, hold the base of the mushroom with one hand while carefully twisting the cap off with the other. In cases where mushrooms are clustered together, it’s better to remove them all at once to avoid harming the younger ones.
By addressing these factors and adopting proper cultivation techniques, growers can significantly reduce mushroom loss and improve overall productivity. Attention to detail in pH control, temperature stability, watering practices, and careful handling during harvest plays a vital role in ensuring a successful harvest.
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