Anthracnose is a common disease of watermelon, which has a great impact on the production of watermelon. Generally, the loss of production is 10%-30%, and the serious disease land loss is more than 50%. Field surveys recently found that some watermelons in greenhouses are endangered by anthrax. This reminds the majority of melon farmers that they should pay more attention to observation and identification in production, strengthen prevention, and achieve early
Early prevention and treatment.
First, symptom recognition
Anthracnose mainly harms the leaves of watermelons and can also harm stems, petioles, and fruits. It can occur throughout the growing season, but it occurs most during the middle and late stages of plant growth, causing dead leaves and fruit rot. At the seedling stage, a half-oval brown spot appeared on the edge of the cotyledon, spreading to young shoots, and the seedlings stumbled. In the adult stage, the leaf lesions are initially immersed in water, soon dry and dark brown, with yellowish-brown halo around the periphery, sometimes with scallops, often with an irregular shape in later stages, and the lesions are easily broken when dry, and the leaves on the back when wet It grows pink dots and turns black. The lesions on the stem were spindle-shaped, pitted, dark brown, and faded in the middle. Damage to the fruit, the appearance of immersed dark green patches at the beginning, expanded round or oval shape, dark brown, depression, cracks, wet spots, pink sticky material in the middle of the lesions, serious fruit on the occurrence of a large number of lesions , make the skin pulp dry rot, and cause rotten melon.
Second, the cause of the disease
The incidence of anthracnose in watermelon is closely related to temperature and humidity. The most suitable temperature for disease onset is 22°C-27°C, and the growth of lesions below 10°C and above 30°C stops. At the right temperature, the higher the relative humidity, the heavier the disease. When the relative humidity is 87%-95%, the incubation period of the bacteria is only 3 days. The lower the humidity, the longer the incubation period. When the relative humidity falls below 54%, it does not cause disease. In addition, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, poor drainage, poor ventilation, excessive density, debilitating plantings, and severe plantings are serious.
Third, control methods
Adhere to the prevention and control strategies based mainly on prevention and agricultural measures to reduce the use of drugs and reduce pesticide residues.
1. Agricultural measures. Implement non-guatem crop rotation for more than 3 years; select disease-resistant varieties suitable for local cultivation according to the local climatic environment and soil conditions, do a good job of seed disinfection, cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings; rationally formulate fertilization, increase organic fertilizer, potash fertilizer, To reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizers, organic fertilizers must be fully decomposed to avoid the use of fertilizers that contain bacteria; greenhouses can be planted on the ground to cover the film, enhance ventilation and humidity, reduce air humidity in the shed to 70% or less; science pruning to prevent excessive density, avoid large water Flood irrigation; diseased and diseased leaves, should be promptly removed and brought out of the field, buried deep or burned; rainy season, pay attention to timely drainage, grass under the melon, to avoid direct contact with the ground; may be appropriate to spray plant growth regulators or foliar fertilizer to Increase plant resistance to disease.
2. Chemical control. In the early stage of disease, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 1500 times, 50% prochloraz manganese salt wettable powder 1000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP wettable powder 500-700 times, 50% Carbendazim WP 500 times, 80% Anthraquinone Mobil WP 800 times, 80% Mancozeb WP 500 times or 2% NR 120 Spray 150-200 times Spray Control, 7 - Spray 10 times a day and spray 3-4 times.
3. Post-harvest disease prevention. The watermelons that need to be transported or stored long distances should be harvested at the maturity of 1989. They should be carefully selected, remove diseased melons and wounded melons, and use 40% blessings.
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