Seed treatment is a crucial practice in preventing cereal head smut, rice bakanae disease, and damage caused by underground pests. In recent years, the increasing severity of underground pest infestations has led to serious seedling losses, with some areas experiencing complete crop destruction. In certain regions, the incidence of cereal head smut has reached over 20%. Last spring, rice bakanae disease spread significantly in our province, particularly affecting high-yield rice varieties. The infection rate in seedbeds was as high as 30-40%, and various levels of damage were also observed in other rice types. With the upcoming spring planting season, it is essential to implement effective seed treatments to ensure good germination and healthy seedlings, thereby supporting the goal of achieving 55 billion kilograms of grain production in our province.
All localities should select disease- and insect-resistant varieties based on specific prevention needs, implement crop rotation, and adopt integrated control measures with a focus on prevention. The following are the key methods:
First, the use of seed coating technology for controlling cereal smut.
1. Apply multifunctional seed coating agents at 2% of the seed weight. This method effectively controls soil and seedling pests and diseases, with an efficacy rate of over 85%, and increases the survival rate of seedlings by 1-2%.
2. Use 2% speed Poly WP at 0.3% concentration or 40% wettable powder at 0.2% concentration for treating corn and sorghum seeds to control head smut.
3. Apply 25% triadimefon at 0.3% concentration to control wheat smut.
Second, pharmaceutical soaking techniques for rice bakanae disease.
Soak the seeds in the following solutions:
1. 25% imidazolone water (10 ml per bag) for 30–40 kg of seeds.
2. 48% chlorothalonil wettable powder (20 g per bag) for 10 kg of seeds.
3. 45% 901 wettable powder (100 g per bag) for 40 kg of seeds. After soaking, the seeds can be directly germinated without washing before sowing.
Third, seed pest prevention techniques.
Use 50% phoxim EC at a ratio of 4:30–50:500 (medicine:water:seed) for 4 hours when treating corn seeds. Alternatively, mix 5% phorate granules (1.5–2 kg per mu) with fertilizer in the field. This method provides excellent control over underground pests.
It's important to note that seed treatments often involve high concentrations of chemicals, some of which are highly toxic. Therefore, strict adherence to pesticide safety guidelines is essential. Personnel handling treated seeds must wear protective equipment. Treated seeds should not be mixed with food or feed to prevent poisoning incidents in humans and animals. Careful control of the medicine-to-water-to-seed ratio and soaking time is necessary to avoid phytotoxicity. Proper execution of these steps ensures both crop protection and environmental safety.
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