The prevention and control of pests and diseases in spring is a critical aspect of maintaining the health of fruit trees throughout the year. Spring is when many common diseases and pests become active, making early intervention essential. The primary diseases that occur during this season include powdery mildew, root rot, and brown spot. Common pests include spider mites, nematodes, scale insects, gold thread moths, leaf roller moths, and chafers. Implementing effective control measures at this stage can significantly reduce the risk of severe infestations later in the season.
One of the most important strategies is manual control. This includes removing weeds and fallen leaves around the orchard and either burying or burning them to prevent disease spread. From early March to the end of March, it's recommended to scrape off apple and pear rot as well as dry rot. Applying cibiqing or copper humate during this time helps prevent these fungal infections.
In late March to early April, bark scraping on mature apple and pear trees is advised. This involves removing diseased spots on branches, as well as pests like spiders, aphids, and leaf roller moths that may have overwintered in bark crevices. Additionally, pruning branches from peach, plum, and apricot trees helps reduce potential pest habitats.
Removing the remaining leaves from the top of apple and other fruit tree branches is also important. These should be buried or burned to eliminate overwintering pests such as tip leaf roller moths and red spider mites.
Chemical control is another key component. Before bud break, applying a 5° Baum lime sulfur solution can help manage red spider mites, two-leaf locusts, and any remaining pathogens on the trunk. In orchards where leafhoppers were a problem the previous year, spraying 2.5% Uranus EC once daily or using 3° Baum lime sulfur is recommended.
As buds begin to open, applying a 50% dichlorvos solution diluted 200 times to the branches can effectively kill leaf roller moths. During the budding and flowering stages, spraying 2.5% Uranus EC at 2000 times dilution helps control leafhoppers, leaf roller moths, and other caterpillars.
For severe infestations of chafers, applying 4.5% Aldehyde powder or 3% phoxim granules under the trees before flowering can be effective. Spreading the product evenly and watering it into the soil improves its effectiveness. For areas with serious locust damage, using 2000–4000 times dilution of New Year’s Emulsifiable Concentrate has shown good results.
In early May, to manage early defoliation, anthracnose, ring rot, and pests like leafhoppers and leaf roller moths, spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl at 800–1000 times dilution, combined with 2.5% Uranus EC at 2000 times, is recommended.
For plants affected by root rot, immediate action is necessary. When symptoms appear on the upper part of the tree, excavating the radial sulcus and applying a fungicide is crucial. Solutions such as 10% Double Effect Ling at 200 times or 500 times dilution can be used. Adult trees should receive 50–75 grams per plant, while smaller trees should have their dosage reduced accordingly.
By combining manual and chemical methods, fruit growers can ensure a healthier orchard and better yields in the coming seasons.
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