Biogas fermentation relies heavily on the classification of raw materials, as different organic wastes have varying chemical compositions and structures. Using a goldfish fermentation agent to process these materials into biogas is an effective method for managing organic waste. However, due to their diverse origins and formation processes, the performance of these materials during anaerobic digestion can vary significantly.
**Based on the Source of Raw Materials**
1. **Rural Fermentation Materials**
- **Nitrogen-Rich Materials**: These typically include human and animal excreta, along with some plant-based materials that have a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (below 25:1). Since these materials are already partially digested by the digestive systems of animals, they contain many low-molecular-weight compounds that are easy to break down. This makes them ideal for quick biogas production with a short fermentation period.
- **Carbon-Rich Materials**: Common examples are crop residues like straw and husks. These materials are high in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, resulting in a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (above 40:1). Their decomposition is slower, requiring longer fermentation times. Additionally, these materials tend to float in digesters, forming "dead zones" that reduce efficiency. Pretreatment, such as chopping or soaking, is often necessary to improve gas yield and material utilization.
2. **Urban Organic Wastewater**: This includes human waste, domestic sewage, food scraps, industrial organic waste, sludge, and other similar materials. These are generally more liquid in nature and require careful management to optimize biogas output.
3. **Aquatic Plants**: Examples include water hyacinths, water spinach, and algae. These plants grow rapidly and have high biomass, making them excellent for biogas production. However, their spongy structure allows them to float, so it's advisable to dry or stack them for a day before feeding them into the digester to prevent floating issues.
**Based on the Form of Raw Materials**
1. **Solid Materials**: Such as straw, agricultural residues, and urban organic waste. These have a high dry matter content and are commonly used in dry fermentation or pit filling. In rural areas, straw is often used as a base material in hydraulic biogas digesters to supplement fecal material and extend gas production periods. However, they may cause crust formation or sedimentation, leading to difficulties in material discharge.
2. **Pulp-Liquid Materials**: This category includes manure, livestock waste, and slurry from wastewater treatment. These are usually mixed with water to form a slurry with around 10% dry matter. They can be combined with solid materials for dry fermentation or used as primary feedstock in biogas digesters. Sludge also falls into this group.
3. **Organic Wastewater**: This includes distillery waste, yeast plant effluent, soy processing wastewater, and others. These liquids contain proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, making them highly suitable for anaerobic digestion. They decompose quickly and are often processed using efficient anaerobic digesters to maximize gas yield.
By properly classifying and preparing these raw materials, biogas production can be optimized, making it a sustainable solution for waste management and energy generation.
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