Summer and autumn cabbage seedlings are typically grown in high-temperature seasons, usually between 7 to 9 months. During this time, temperatures often exceed 25°C, sometimes reaching as high as 30–35°C, accompanied by heavy rains and hail, which can damage young plants. To protect them, shade nets are commonly used in open field nurseries. The seedling period generally lasts 35–40 days. Popular varieties such as Xiaguang, Zhengchun, Yanchun, and Zhonggan No. 16 to No. 20 are usually sown directly in the field. The recommended seed rate is 50–100 grams per mu. If using a seeding method, it's advisable to use no more than 50 grams of seeds.
When transplanting, in southern regions, seedlings are first planted on sorghum fields and then watered. Due to the high temperatures, the seedlings grow quickly. For early-maturing varieties, planting density is typically 3,500–5,000 plants per acre, while late-maturing varieties require 1,200–1,500 plants per acre.
Cabbage is a moisture-loving crop that requires frequent irrigation throughout its growth cycle. Watering can be divided into three stages: seedling stage, rosette stage, and heading stage. During the seedling stage, watering is essential after sowing to moisten the soil to a depth of 4–5 cm. Once the water has fully dried, the soil should be lightly tilled before sowing again and covered with dry soil.
At the rosette stage, watering is done once after planting, and another round is needed 4–5 days later. It’s important to control irrigation during this phase to avoid overwatering. When the plant begins to form a head, additional watering is necessary to support the process.
During the heading stage, consistent watering is crucial for rapid leaf development. Watering should be adjusted based on weather conditions. Typically, watering is done every few days when the soil surface dries out, continuing until the head becomes firm and ready for harvest.
Intercultivation, soil loosening, and weeding are essential after transplanting. The first two irrigations should be light, followed by careful tilling to promote root development. Early-maturing varieties usually require 2–3 cultivations, while mid- or late-maturing ones need 3–4. The first cultivation should be deeper. As the plants enter the rosette stage, the soil around them should be loosened to encourage lateral root growth. Weeds should be removed during this time using a cultivator.
Pest control is also important. During the seedling stage, damping-off disease is common. Careful selection of bed soil and proper watering practices can help prevent this. Good ventilation is also key. In summer and autumn, when there is excessive rain, soft rot can occur during the heading stage, so drainage should be closely monitored to avoid waterlogging.
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