Summer and autumn cabbage seedlings are typically grown in high-temperature seasons, usually between 7 to 9 months. During this period, temperatures often exceed 25°C, sometimes reaching as high as 30–35°C, combined with heavy rains and hail, which can damage young plants. To protect them, shade nets are commonly used in open-field nurseries. The seedling stage generally lasts 35–40 days. Varieties such as Xiaguang, Zhengchun, Yanchun, and Zhonggan No. 16 to No. 20 are usually sown directly in the field. The recommended seed rate is 50–100 grams per mu. If using a seeding method, only up to 50 grams of seeds should be used.
In southern regions, seedlings are first planted among sorghum and then watered. Due to the high temperatures, the seedlings grow quickly. For early-maturing varieties, about 3,500 to 5,000 plants per acre are suitable, while late-maturing types require around 1,200 to 1,500 plants per acre.
Cabbage requires consistent moisture throughout its growth cycle, so multiple irrigation sessions are essential. Watering can be divided into three stages: seedling stage, rosette stage, and head formation stage.
During the seedling stage, watering is needed right after sowing. The soil should be moistened to a depth of 4–5 cm. Once the water has fully dried, the soil is lightly cultivated, and dry soil is used to cover the seeds.
At the rosette stage, watering is done once after planting, followed by another irrigation 4–5 days later. It’s important to control the amount of water during this time to avoid overwatering. When the plant begins to form a head, it's time for a second irrigation.
During the head formation stage, more water is required as the leaves start to develop into a tight ball. Watering should be adjusted based on weather conditions. Typically, irrigation is done every few days when the soil surface dries out, continuing until the head becomes compact and ready for harvest.
Intercultivation, earth cultivation, and weeding are essential after planting. After the first and second irrigation, light cultivation is performed to loosen the soil around the seedlings. Early-maturing varieties usually require two to three cultivations, while medium or late-maturing ones need three to four. The first cultivation should be deeper. As the plants enter the rosette stage, the soil around the base should be loosened to encourage lateral root development. Weeds are removed using a cultivator before the ridges are closed.
Pest control is also crucial. In the seedling stage, damping-off disease is common. To prevent this, it's important to select healthy bed soil and manage watering properly. Good ventilation helps reduce the risk. During the rainy season, summer and autumn cabbages are prone to soft rot during the head-forming stage, so drainage should be carefully managed.
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