**Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chicken Health and Management of Sanxia Black Chickens**
1. **Herbal Remedies for Chickenpox**
To treat chickenpox in chickens, a herbal mixture can be prepared using 6 grams of Honeysuckle (Jinyinhua), 3 grams each of Forsythia (Lianqiao), Wild Chrysanthemum (Gouteng), Gypsum (Shigao), and Yellow Wolfberry Fruit (Gouqizi). Mix these with a small amount of feed to administer to affected chickens. This is sufficient for one adult chicken or 5–10 chicks under one month old. Administer 2–3 times daily, and the condition should improve within 1–2 days.
2. **Detergent Solution for Cleaning**
A 1%–2% detergent solution can be sprayed on chickens and their living areas to kill parasites. For chickens with severe infestations, apply the solution directly onto their bodies. This method has proven effective in reducing infestation levels.
3. **Treatment for Bursal Disease**
- A decoction made from 50g of Astragalus (Huangqi), 30g of Lysimachia (Yinchen), Plantain (Cheqianzi), Polygonum (Huzhang), Radix Auratus (Chuanbei), and Winter Sunflower Seeds (Nianshen), along with 25g of each of Achyranthes (Niuxi), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi), Green Bark (Houpu), and Ophiopogon (Maidong) can be used. Boil the mixture and give it to 300 chickens 2–3 times a day for 3 days.
- Another formula includes 300g of Astragalus, 150g of Coptis (Huanglian), 150g of Honeysuckle, 150g of Daqingye, 150g of Pulsatilla (Baitouweng), 150g of Atractylodes (Baizhu), 80g of Licorice (Gancao), and 50g of sugar. Boil and mix well, then provide to 500 chickens once daily for 1–3 consecutive days.
4. **Garlic and Vinegar Solution for Fleas**
Prepare a paste from 20g of garlic and soak it in 100ml of vinegar for 1–2 weeks. Dilute with four times the water and apply 0.5–0.8ml per bird, three times daily. This treatment usually clears up flea infestations within 3–5 days.
5. **Gypsum for Feather-Picking**
Feather-picking, or pica, in broiler chickens is often caused by sulfur amino acid deficiency. Feeding 1–2% gypsum powder helps supplement sulfur and promotes protein synthesis, while also reducing brain excitability and controlling the behavior.
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**Rearing and Management of Sanxia Black Chickens**
The success of raising Sanxia Black Chickens largely depends on proper management during the rearing phase. Key points include:
1. **Brooding Room Preparation**
The size of the brooding room varies based on the number of chickens. Young chicks (1–7 days) require about 30 feathers per square meter, with space decreasing as they grow.
- Clean the room thoroughly before use, ensuring good ventilation and no rat holes. Lay down straw mats and install feeding troughs and waterers. After fumigation with formalin, the room is ready for chicks.
- Maintain a temperature of 35°C for newly hatched chicks, reducing it by 0.5°C daily until it matches the outside temperature. Insulation typically lasts 30–50 days depending on the season.
2. **Feeding Practices**
Chicks can be fed 12 hours after hatching. Before feeding, offer them a diluted potassium permanganate solution to replenish lost nutrients. From hatching to weaning, each chick requires approximately 500g of feed.
3. **Transporting Chicks**
Ensure chicks are kept warm during transport. Use insulated cages and check temperatures every 1–2 hours. Allow them to rest for an hour after arrival before placing them in the brooding area.
4. **Health and Disease Prevention**
Apply cool oil or cloud essence to the nostrils and feet of chicks to prevent colds. Provide boiled water for the first 3 days. At 7 days old, vaccinate against Newcastle disease. At 14 days, immunize via drinking water. At 15 days, monitor for coccidiosis and consider vaccinations if necessary.
5. **Feed Formulation**
Use nutrient-rich commercial feed such as Zhengda 510. Alternatively, make your own mix: 65% corn flour, 5% wheat, 20% soybean meal, 7% Peruvian fish meal, 1.7% bone meal, 1% additives, and 0.3% salt.
6. **Chicken Management**
- Separate strong and weak chicks, placing weaker ones in warmer areas.
- Monitor feed intake, droppings, feather condition, and breathing patterns.
- Clean and care for weak chicks, especially those missing feathers.
- Ensure proper ventilation and cleanliness in the chicken house.
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**Sanxia Black Chicken Sanitary and Epidemic Prevention Technical Specifications**
This standard outlines requirements for site selection, sanitation, vaccination, drug use, and handling of sick or dead chickens. It applies to the health management of Dehua black chickens.
- **Site Selection**: Choose elevated, wind-shielded areas with clean water sources. Farms must be at least 500 meters away from residential areas, roads, and factories.
- **Layout**: Include isolation rooms, disinfection pools, and changing facilities. Avoid planting tall trees and prohibit feeding other poultry.
- **Sanitation**: Clean drinking fountains daily, replace litter every 7 days, and disinfect regularly.
- **Disinfection**: Use safe disinfectants weekly. Disinfect vehicles, equipment, and coops before and after use.
- **Vaccination**: Follow local guidelines and recommended schedules. Vaccines must be stored and handled properly.
- **Veterinary Drugs**: Use only approved drugs as per NY5030 standards.
- **Dead Animal Handling**: Follow GB 16548 for safe disposal of carcasses.
- **Epidemic Control**: Adhere to national regulations for disease prevention and control.
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