**Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chicken Health and Management of Sanxia Black Chickens**
When it comes to chicken health, traditional Chinese medicine has long been used to treat various poultry diseases. One such remedy involves using a combination of herbs like honeysuckle, forsythia, wild chrysanthemum, gypsum, and yellow wolfberry fruit. These ingredients are mixed with feed and given to chickens suffering from chickenpox. The mixture is prepared in specific quantities—6 grams of silver, 3 grams each of forsythia, wild chrysanthemum, gypsum, and yellow wolfberry fruit. This daily dose can be fed to one adult chicken or 5–10 chicks under one month old, and it typically takes 1–2 days to see improvement if administered 2–3 times a day.
Another method involves using a 1–2% detergent solution to spray the chicken body and coop, which helps eliminate parasites like gizzards. For chickens with more severe infestations, applying the solution directly to their bodies can help reduce the problem effectively.
For bursal disease, herbal mixtures are often used. A formula includes Astragalus membranaceus, Lysimachia roxburghii, Plantain angustifolia, Polygonum cuspidatum, Radix Auratus, and winter sunflower seeds. These are boiled together and given to 300 chickens multiple times a day. Another version uses a blend of Astragalus, Coptis chinensis, Daqingye, Pulsatilla, Atractylodes, and licorice, mixed with sugar and water. This is suitable for 500 chickens over a few days.
To combat chicken lice, a garlic and vinegar solution is effective. Crush 20 grams of garlic and soak it in 100 ml of vinegar for 1–2 weeks. Dilute the mixture four times and apply 0.5–0.8 ml per bird, three times daily. This treatment usually clears up lice within 3–5 days.
Gypsum powder is also used to address feather pecking, a common issue in broiler chickens. Adding 1–2% gypsum to feed provides sulfur, supports protein synthesis, and reduces behavioral issues caused by nutritional deficiencies.
The success of raising Sanxia Qingfengshan black chickens largely depends on proper management during the brooding stage. Key aspects include:
**Brooding Room Preparation:**
The size of the brooding area should match the number of chicks. Chicks aged 1–7 days require about 30 feathers per square meter, with space decreasing as they grow. Rooms should be clean, well-ventilated, and free of pests. After fumigation with formalin, the room is ready for use.
**Temperature Control:**
Newly hatched chicks need a temperature of 35°C, decreasing by 0.5°C daily until it matches the outside temperature. Insulation lasts around 30–50 days depending on the season. Adjustments are made based on chick behavior—chicks huddled together indicate cold, while those avoiding heat suggest it's too warm.
**Feeding Practices:**
Chicks should be fed within 12 hours of hatching. A diluted potassium permanganate solution can be used before feeding to replenish lost nutrients. From hatching to weaning, each chick needs about 500g of feed.
**Transportation of Chicks:**
During transport, chicks must be kept warm. Use insulated cages covered with cotton wool, and check temperatures every 1–2 hours. Allow them to rest for an hour after arrival before placing them in the brooding room.
**Disease Prevention:**
Apply cloud essence or cool oil to the nose and feet of chicks to prevent colds. Administer cold boiled water for 3 days after feeding. At 7 days old, vaccinate against Newcastle disease. At 14 days, provide drinking water vaccines. At 15 days, watch for coccidiosis and consider injections.
**Feed Formulation:**
Use a balanced feed containing corn flour, soybean meal, fish meal, and additives. A standard mix is 65% corn, 5% wheat, 20% soybean meal, 7% fish meal, 1.7% bone meal, 1% additive, and 0.3% salt.
**Chicken Management:**
Group chicks by strength, isolate weak ones, and monitor their behavior, droppings, and breathing. Keep the coop clean and ventilated. Ensure proper hygiene and sanitation to prevent disease outbreaks.
**Sanitation and Disinfection Standards:**
Follow strict protocols for site selection, layout, and disinfection. Chicken farms should be located away from populated areas, with separate zones for quarantine, feed storage, and housing. Regular cleaning and disinfection of coops, equipment, and surroundings are essential.
**Vaccination Schedule:**
Vaccines must be stored and handled properly. Follow a vaccination schedule tailored to local conditions, including Marek’s, infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease, and avian flu. Proper administration methods, such as subcutaneous injections or eye drops, ensure effectiveness.
**Veterinary Drug Use:**
All medications must comply with regulations set by NY5030. Avoid unnecessary use and follow withdrawal periods.
**Disposal of Dead Birds:**
Dead birds must be treated according to GB 16548 guidelines to prevent disease spread.
In summary, raising healthy Sanxia black chickens requires attention to nutrition, environment, and disease prevention. Following these traditional and modern practices ensures better growth, productivity, and overall flock health.
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