Improving the survival rate of goslings

Prophylactic measures are typically initiated after the goslings have been transported to the brooding area and have had time to rest. Once they are settled, they should be given access to water. For the first day, offer them 5% multi-dimensional glucose or 5–8% sucrose water to boost their energy levels and aid in the elimination of meconium. On day two, provide 0.02% potassium permanganate solution to clean and disinfect the gastrointestinal tract. By day three, introduce 0.1% Andrographis and Radix (Daiqingye) solution to support detoxification and sterilization of the digestive system. From days four to seven, administer a mixture containing 0.02% oxytetracycline and doxycycline (10–20 mg per liter), along with sand or other additives to prevent gastrointestinal diseases. If goslings show symptoms like loss of appetite, labored breathing, or abnormal feces, immediately give them 0.03% oxytetracycline or kanamycin mixed in water at a concentration of 30–120 mg per liter, twice daily for 2–3 days. During the first three days, it's best to provide warm water, ensuring that goslings drink at least 6–8 times daily. After long-distance transport or periods without water, dehydration is common, which may manifest as dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, dry skin on the ankles, fluffed feathers, and weight loss. In such cases, raise the brooding room temperature to 30–32°C. Provide soaked fine leaves for them to eat first, then introduce finely ground feed, and finally offer water. When goslings are extremely thirsty, limit their initial water intake and gradually increase it to avoid water intoxication. One hour after drinking, begin feeding with small grains like millet or broken rice soaked in water for about two hours, drained before serving. Alternatively, use semi-baked rice, non-sticky, or unspoiled food. Steamed cornmeal noodles can also be used, combined with bran or cornmeal to create small particles. Sprinkle the feed on a mat or dark plastic sheet to encourage eating. Follow this with green feed. Feed 6–8 times daily, including 2–3 times at night. Ensure consistent feeding frequency and portion sizes to avoid overeating. After 2–3 days, transition to regular, measured feedings. At 4 days old, introduce 1% of the concentrate in the form of insoluble river sand (1–1.5 mm in size) to aid digestion. Rinse the sand thoroughly or sterilize it before feeding, and repeat once a week. Always ensure feed and water are available daily to prevent "garbage licking," which can reduce overall feed intake. Temperature, humidity, and stocking density are critical factors during brooding, often referred to as the "three degrees" of control. A stable environment is essential for healthy growth. The ideal temperature range varies depending on age: 27–28°C for 1–5 days, 25–26°C for 6–10 days, 22–24°C for 11–15 days, and 20–22°C for 16–20 days. Maintain relative humidity between 60–75%, and adjust stocking density accordingly—15–20 medium/small geese per square meter, and 12–15 large geese. Humidity should remain low to prevent diseases like coccidiosis. Good ventilation and proper lighting are also crucial. Fresh air promotes faster growth and higher survival rates. If harmful gases like ammonia or hydrogen sulfide are detected, move the goslings out briefly before ventilating carefully. Avoid direct drafts. Lighting should be sufficient to help goslings adapt to their surroundings. From 1–3 days, provide 24–23 hours of light, reducing to 18 hours by day 4–15, and gradually transitioning to natural light after day 16. Use a 40W bulb for every 15 square meters during the first 7 days, and a 25W bulb afterward, placed about 2 meters above the goslings. For grazing, choose areas that are close, flat, grassy, clean, and secluded. Group goslings by age, size, and strength, using an all-in-all-out management system. Begin grazing when temperatures are mild, typically between 7–11 days for warm weather and 15–20 days for colder conditions. Choose sunny, windless days and allow them to graze for 30–60 minutes, followed by a short dip in a clean pond. Avoid midday heat and storms. Gradually increase grazing time and distance as they grow, reducing feed portions during the day and focusing on nighttime feeding. Ensure they are full each day, indicated by a swollen crop, before returning them to the brooding area. Vaccination is important for disease prevention. At 1–2 days old, inject 0.5–1 ml of gosling plague antiserum or 1 ml of goat goose anti-immune yolk antibody. At 3 days old, administer a 10-fold diluted gosling vaccine subcutaneously at 0.2 ml per bird. At 5–7 days, inject 0.3 ml of goose paramyxovirus oil emulsion vaccine. For duck plague, administer 0.5 ml of diluted vaccine intramuscularly on days 5–10. At around 30 days, spray 0.1% insecticide to control external parasites.

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