Watermelons are a popular fruit that sees fluctuating sales throughout the year, often influenced by weather conditions. However, the real reason behind the "cold and warm days" in watermelon sales lies in the fruit's sweetness level. The sugar content directly affects how well a watermelon sells. Watermelons with lower sweetness typically have 5-6% sugar, while those with higher sweetness can reach up to 10-12%. High-quality, sweet watermelons not only sell faster but also bring higher profits to farmers. While natural factors play a role, the quality of these watermelons is largely determined by optimized fertilization techniques.
One important step is preparing nutrient-rich soil for seedlings. When transplanting seedlings, it’s essential to use fertile soil. Therefore, it’s recommended to create a new seedbed using deep, sterile sandy soil rather than reusing the same bed from the previous season. Additionally, half of the total compost and organic materials like barnyard manure should be applied. A certain amount of high-grade compound fertilizer or phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should also be used. It's also beneficial to mix well-rotted human waste and urine into the soil. During the early stages of growth, each 100 kg of soil can be treated with 200-300 ml of formalin mixed with 25-30 kg of water, then covered with plastic to eliminate pathogens. Typically, about 2000 nutrient blocks can be made per side, which helps with planting, covering, and coating.
Applying high-quality base fertilizer in portions is another key practice. Base fertilizers should primarily consist of organic materials, with chemical fertilizers as a supplement. The fertilizer composition should focus on nitrogen and potassium, followed by phosphate, along with appropriate trace elements. Organic options include various cake fertilizers, farmer-made compost, animal manure, and bio-organic compounds such as bio-enzymes. It’s important to avoid excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers. For every mu of land, apply 100 kg of cake fertilizer, 4000-5000 kg of compost, 75-100 kg of wood ash, or 75-100 kg of bio-organic compound fertilizer, plus 50 kg of compound fertilizer. Adjustments should be made based on local soil conditions and fertility levels. The first application of base fertilizer should occur 20 days before sowing or transplanting, accounting for about 70% of the total. The second application should take place around 10 days later, making up about 30% of the total.
Optimizing fertilization techniques is crucial. One method is to switch from spreading large amounts of fertilizer to applying it in targeted spots or lines, which is more efficient. Another approach is to apply base fertilizer in layers—first at a depth of 25 cm, then again at 10 cm, with at least 3 cm of soil coverage to ensure good placement. The ratio of base fertilizer to top dressing is usually 7:3 or 6:4. Top dressing is generally divided into three stages: seedling fertilizer, blossom fertilizer, and fruit swelling fertilizer. These should be combined with pest control measures outside the root area. Lastly, adapt fertilization based on field conditions—water the soil after fertilizing to activate nutrients and improve efficiency. In short, proper irrigation and smart fertilization go hand in hand to boost watermelon quality and yield.
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