Planting peanuts in autumn for high yield

Peanuts are one of the most important edible oil crops in China, playing a vital role in both the food and light industries. Peanut oil is widely used as a raw material for various food products and industrial applications. After oil extraction, peanut bran can be transformed into food ingredients, high-quality feed, or Organic Fertilizer. The stems and leaves of peanut plants are also valuable as natural fertilizers, enriching soil with organic matter and essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Therefore, the development of peanut production significantly contributes to improving people’s living standards and supporting industrial growth. Based on years of practical experience, several key technical measures should be implemented to ensure a successful harvest of autumn peanuts. First, seed selection is crucial. The process typically involves four stages: field selection, where healthy, uniform, and pest-free fields are chosen; strain selection, focusing on robust plants with abundant pods and full fruits; pod selection, where only well-developed double pods are retained; and kernel selection, where seeds are graded, small or damaged kernels are removed, and only high-quality seeds are kept. Second, sowing time must be carefully managed. Sowing too early may lead to excessive vegetative growth and increased susceptibility to pests like witches broom, while sowing too late can result in poor fruit development due to low temperatures and drought. The ideal sowing window is between the start of autumn and the end of summer, when weather conditions are most favorable for peanut growth. Third, planting density should be adjusted to ensure good seedling emergence. Due to high temperatures and heavy rain during sowing, the germination rate is generally around 80%. To compensate for this, an appropriate density of 20,000 to 40,000 plants per mu is recommended. After emergence, regular checks should be conducted to ensure even seedling growth. Fourth, field management plays a critical role. Dwarf varieties should be selected and cultivated at the 4-6 leaf stage to promote strong, short-stemmed plants. Cultivation should be done 2-3 times before flowering to enhance yield. Additionally, proper drainage and irrigation systems must be established to prevent waterlogging and drought, especially during the rainy season and later growth stages. Fifth, fertilization should be timely and well-planned. A base fertilizer mix of 2000–2250 kg of quality compost, 20–25 kg of peanut bran, 25 kg of superphosphate, 250 kg of plant ash, and 5 kg of urea is recommended before sowing. Additional top-dressing should be applied at key growth stages—such as 5 kg of urea when seedlings have 3–4 leaves, 25 kg of lime during flowering, and foliar sprays to prevent premature aging. Sixth, pest control is essential. Common pests include thrips, aphids, and Spodoptera litura. Insecticides such as dipterex, malathion, and trichlorfon can be effectively used. Fungal diseases like leaf spot and rust require fungicides like colloidal sulfur, Bordeaux mixture, or chlorothalonil, alternating between them every 7–10 days for 3–4 applications. Finally, timely harvesting is critical for maximizing yield and quality. Harvesting should begin when the upper leaves turn yellow, the lower leaves fall off, and the pods are fully developed with a dark brown inner skin and visible oil spots. The entire growth period usually lasts 110–115 days, but with proper care, it can be extended to 120–130 days, which significantly improves productivity.

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