Short-term fattening of mutton sheep is a strategic approach aimed at increasing the body weight, slaughter rate, and overall profitability of commercial sheep. This process typically involves feeding the sheep for three months before sale, with a focus on high-quality forage to accelerate weight gain and improve meat quality.
Before starting the fattening process, proper preparation is essential to ensure success. Here are key steps to consider:
1. Prepare the Sheep Housing
A suitable shelter is necessary for short-term fattening. Each sheep should have 0.4–0.5 square meters of space to limit movement and promote efficient weight gain. The location should be well-ventilated, well-drained, and easily accessible to grazing areas and feed storage. A clean and comfortable environment helps reduce stress and supports better growth.
2. Stock Up on Feed and Forage
Feed is the foundation of successful fattening. Provide about 2–2.5 kg of hay per day, or 3–5 kg of silage or ammoniated feed. Additionally, offer 0.3–0.4 kg of concentrate feed daily. Ensure that feed is fresh, nutritious, and free from mold or contamination to maintain the health of the sheep.
3. Choose the Right Time to Fatten
The best time to start fattening is in the autumn. This season offers a balanced climate, abundant pasture, and crop residues, all of which support rapid growth. Market demand for lamb and mutton is higher in winter and spring, so planning ahead ensures the sheep are ready for sale when prices are favorable.
4. Select Appropriate Sheep
Choose young lambs or yearlings for the best results. Before fattening, perform essential tasks such as deworming, castration (for rams), dehorning, and hoof trimming. Regular weighing and record-keeping help track progress and refine future practices.
2. Master Feeding and Management Principles
Proper feeding is crucial during the fattening period. Maintain a balanced diet with approximately one-third concentrate feed to provide energy and protein while supporting rumen health. Protein levels should be around 8%. Feed the concentrate first, then hay or roughage, and finally water. Sprinkle salt on the feed to stimulate appetite and encourage greater intake.
Minimize movement and activity to conserve energy and maximize weight gain. During the day, allow sheep to graze briefly in the sun if weather permits. Consistent management and attention to detail will lead to better outcomes.
3. Recommended Concentrate Formulations
Using the right concentrate mix can significantly improve weight gain. Here are some commonly used formulas:
- 40–45% ground corn, 25–30% wheat bran, 15–20% cooked bean cake, 10–15% rapeseed cake, 0.5–1% salt, and adjust to 100%.
- 74% broken corn, 10% wheat bran, 14% cooked bean cake, 1.5% bone meal, 0.5% salt.
- 57% hawthorn flour, 30% cake, 10% bran, 2% bone meal, 1% salt.
Avoid grinding seeds too finely to prevent dust-related respiratory issues. When combining green forage with concentrates, adding silage or vitamin supplements can enhance overall nutrition and health.
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