First, the symptoms
Wheat full-bleeding disease is a typical root disease. The site of infection by pathogens is limited to 15 cm below the base of the roots and stems of wheat. The symptoms of above-ground parts, such as white spikes, are mainly caused by damage to the root and stem base. Wheat can be susceptible to the entire growth period. After the seedlings became infected, the rhizomes of the primary roots turned dark brown, and there were also many lesions on the secondary roots. When the seedlings became sick, the lesions became severe and the whole roots became black and died. The diseased light wheat seedlings showed yellowing of the aboveground leaves, short stature and poor growth, and the diseased plants were easily dislodged from the rhizomes even after they did not die; after the induction of disease in the tillering period, there were no obvious symptoms in the above-ground parts, and only the seriously ill plants showed little. Dwarf, more yellow leaves at the base; at the jointing stage, the diseased plants are slow to turn green, yellow leaves are more, and the severely diseased plants are dwarfed and sparse at the late jointing stage, and the leaves turn yellow from bottom to top, like a drought and lack of fertilizer. Dwarf disease centers appear in wheat fields, with uneven growth. Heading clusters or spotted diseased early-season spikes appeared at the heading filling stage, and a "black plaster"-like layer of black mycelium was formed on the inside of the stem base sheath.
Second, the incidence conditions
The full-blown wheat disease is most severely damaged at the seedling stage and when the seedling height is 15 cm. In general, the 3-5 leaf stage of wheat is the peak infection period of full-blown disease, and the temperature of this period will determine the severity of full-blown disease in the coming year. At 15°C-25°C, 4-6 days of total erosion bacteria can infect the root column; at 5°C-10°C, it takes 16-30 days to invade the root column, otherwise it only infects the outer column. Cortical cells.
1. Tillage measures. Wheat-maize, or wheat continuous cropping is beneficial to the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and the disease is aggravated year by year.
2. Nutritional factors. The lack of major nutrients is conducive to the occurrence of full-blown disease. Increasing the organic fertilizer and increasing the content of organic matter in the soil can significantly reduce the incidence of disease. It is very clear. Severe phosphorus deficiency or imbalance of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil is one of the important causes of the increase in damage caused by total erosion. The application of P fertilizer can promote the development of the plant roots, reduce the incidence, reduce the white panicles, and produce a significant effect. Other nutrients such as calcium also have a certain influence on the disease.
3. Soil properties and temperature and humidity. Sand soil has poor fertilizer and is conducive to disease. Viscous soil, the disease is lighter. Alkaline soil disease is more important than neutral or acid soils. The irrigated land is heavier than the dry land.
4. Deep turning to improve the incidence of light soil. Deep plowing can increase the depth of living soil, which is conducive to the growth of wheat. At the same time, it can also turn the surface of the soil bacteria to the bottom, thereby reducing the incidence of disease.
5. The early crop disease in wheat is heavy and the disease in late planting is light. The suitable soil temperature for wheat infestation of wheat is 12°C-20°C. With the sowing date delayed, the soil temperature decreases day by day, and the effective infection period is shortened.
6. The impact of the climate. Pre-winter rain, warm winter, early autumn and early spring warm and rainy conditions are conducive to the disease. The high temperature and rain in the summer are conducive to the decomposition of the diseased bodies in the field, reduce the amount of bacteria, and reduce the incidence of low-lying wheat.
Third, prevention and control measures
1. Rational rotation. Rotation in severe wards can control the hazards of full-blown erosion. Rotation in sporadic wards can delay the spread of the disease. The rotation should be based on local conditions, adhere to a 1-2 year rotation with non-host crops, such as cotton, peanuts, beans, melons, potatoes and so on.
2. Balanced fertilization. A large number of organic fertilizers were added to maintain the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium fertilizer was applied in an appropriate amount, and the development of wheat roots was promoted to increase disease resistance.
3. Pharmaceutical irrigate root. 20-30 days after sowing, returning to the green stage, jointing stage, using 15% triadimefon 1500 times per acre, or 20% triadimefon EC 2000 times, or 50% carbendazim 500 times, or 70 % Thiophanate WP 800 times Irrigation.
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride Basic Information
CAS: 5470-11-1
MF: NH2OH·HCl
MW: 69.49
Gadolinium Oxide Basic Information
CAS: 12064-62-9
MF: Gd2O3
MW: 362.5
EINECS: 235-060-9
Gadolinium Oxide Chemical Properties
Melting point 2330 °C(lit.)
density 7.407 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
storage temp. Storage temperature: no restrictions.
form nanopowder
color White
Specific Gravity 7.407
Water Solubility insoluble
Hexamethylenetetramine Basic Information
CAS: 100-97-0
MF: C6H12N4
MW: 140.19
EINECS: 202-905-8
Hexamethylenetetramine Chemical Properties
Melting point 280 °C (subl.)(lit.)
Boiling point 246.7°C (rough estimate)
density 1.33
storage temp. Store at RT.
solubility H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form Solid
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride,Hexamethylenetetramine,Chloro Pre Tadalafil,Isopropyl Acetoacetate,Gadolinium Oxide
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