Many people believe that China's population is increasing, food demand is growing, and fertilizer use should increase year by year, which has become a reason for the annual expansion of the fertilizer industry. But in fact, China's agricultural environmental problems are very prominent at present, and the use of grain fertilizers has exceeded the international safety line by about one time. Qian Keming, chief economist of the Ministry of Agriculture, said at the 3rd China International Forum on Agricultural Businesses held at the recent 2014 that at present, 1 kg of fertilizer is used per kilogram of grain, and the efficiency of chemical fertilizers is lower than the international average of 50%.
The use of chemical fertilizers can increase food production, but too much use will bring huge environmental problems, and increasing food production is not just a way to increase fertilizer use. The Notice of the 2014 Food Safety Key Work Arrangements issued by the General Office of the State Council stipulates that it is necessary to promote the scientific use of pesticides and fertilizers. This means that fertilizer demand will not necessarily increase every year in the future. The state requires that the purpose of increasing grain production should be achieved without increasing the amount of chemical fertilizer or even reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer. To achieve this goal, the key is to improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizer use.
The author believes that this gives the following implications to the fertilizer market: First, the fertilizer production capacity itself is seriously over-capacity. If the demand is no longer growing, the new fertilizer plant must be cautious; second, the fertilizer enterprises should actively adapt to the new changes in the market, and develop more. New products will continuously improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, benefit farmers and benefit the society.
From the current point of view, the author believes that there are three ways to improve fertilizer utilization:
The first is soil testing and formula fertilization. That is to say, the content of the main elements in the soil is first measured, and then scientific and rational fertilization is carried out according to the nutrients required for the crops, and how much is needed to avoid waste. Compared with conventional fertilization, soil testing and formula fertilization can increase the yield per unit area of ​​rice, wheat, corn and other major food crops by 6% to 10%, and increase the efficiency of crops by more than 30 yuan. The effect of increasing economic crops is more obvious. More than 80 yuan. According to the statistics of the agricultural sector, the soil testing and formula fertilization demonstration area generally reduces the unreasonable fertilization amount per mus by 1 to 2 kg (pure, the same below). As of 2012, through the implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization, the country has reduced irrational fertilization by more than 8.5 million tons, reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus by 6% to 30%, achieving double savings in production costs and resource consumption.
The second is to promote slow release fertilizer. The so-called slow-release fertilizer refers to a new type of fertilizer that has a slow release rate of fertilizer nutrients and a long release period, which can meet the growth needs of crops throughout the growing season of crops. After years of demonstration and promotion, the effect of slow-release fertilizer on fertilizer saving, yield increase and efficiency improvement is very significant. Compared with the fertilizer commonly used by farmers, the average yield of slow-release fertilizers increased by 10%, the highest reached 40%, and the economic benefits were also improved. The average income per mu increased by 120 yuan, and the highest reached 240 yuan.
The third is to increase the area of ​​water soluble fertilizer application. Water soluble fertilizer is a multi-element compound fertilizer that is completely soluble in water. Compared with traditional superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, granulated compound fertilizer and other varieties, water-soluble fertilizer is more easily absorbed by crops, achieving the same application of water and fertilizer, integrating water with fertilizer, integrating water and fertilizer, achieving the effect of water saving and fertilizer saving. . Its effective absorption rate is more than 1 times higher than that of ordinary fertilizers, reaching 80% to 90%. Norwegian well-known fertilizer expert Dr. Moran said that China's irrigated land area is the second largest in the world, and the amount of fertilizer used is the highest in the world. The task of improving water and fertilizer utilization is very arduous. The US fertilizer utilization rate has risen dramatically in the 1960s, due to the large-scale promotion of water-soluble fertilizers.
This article URL: Scientific fertilization to reduce the amount can also increase production
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