Sweet persimmons, a prized variety originating from Japan, are known for their exceptional sweetness and high market value. There are over ten popular types, including Shinjiro, Wealthy, Izu, and Nishimura. These persimmons are not only rich in nutrients and beneficial for health but also have strong resistance to storage and transport, making them ideal for commercial farming. With excellent development potential, the following are detailed techniques for high-quality and high-yield cultivation.
First, site selection and planting are crucial. Choose deep, well-drained sandy loam soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5, suitable for mountainous, flat, or hilly areas. Dig holes measuring 100 cm wide and 80 cm deep, or 100x100x80 cm. Add 50 kg of composted organic matter, 5 kg of superphosphate, and 0.3 kg of potassium chloride as base fertilizer. Planting is best done between October and November. Use grafted seedlings on wild persimmon rootstock No. 6, with 100–120 plants per 667 square meters. Maintain a male-to-female ratio of 12:1 to ensure proper pollination.
Second, effective soil, fertilizer, and water management is essential. During the sapling stage, keep the soil loose and free of weeds. Apply fertilizers appropriately—after the first spring shoot growth, use 5–10 g of urea and 5 kg of human or animal manure water. Fertilize once or twice a month, gradually increasing the amount. In the second year, apply fertilizer in March, May, August, and September. When the tree begins to bear fruit, add potassium and boron fertilizers. For mature trees (4–5 years old), implement the "three fat" strategy: a pre-application in March–April with urea, potassium sulfate, phosphate, and micronutrients; a fruit-strengthening application in June–July with nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium; and a post-harvest fertilizer in November–December using organic and phosphate-based materials. Avoid waterlogging, especially during rainy seasons, and ensure proper drainage. During July–September, when fruits are swelling, provide timely irrigation to prevent drought stress.
Third, pruning and shaping are vital for tree structure and productivity. Cut the treetop at 0.9–1 m height. During winter or early spring, select three main branches spaced evenly around the trunk, each about 40–50 cm from the ground. Trim the tips of main and non-main branches by 20%. After two years, remove non-essential branches and prune main branches by 20%. Thin out weak, overlapping, or crowded branches. After three years, establish a second main branch to form a compact, open canopy. For mature trees, focus on maintaining strong fruiting branches through techniques like twisting, pulling, and girdling in summer. Remove dense, weak, or leggy branches annually to maintain good air circulation and light penetration inside the tree.
Fourth, managing flowers and fruits is key to maximizing yield and quality. Perform flowering girdling on vigorous trees by cutting a narrow strip of bark on the main branches to improve fruit set. Conduct artificial pollination to increase fruit setting by over 35%, especially when male trees are scarce. Thin flowers and fruits to reduce competition—remove small, malformed, or excess fruits after the first physiological drop in July, keeping a ratio of 20–25 leaves per fruit. Use double-layer, breathable paper bags to protect fruits from pests, sunburn, and cracking. Apply fungicides before bagging and remove bags 15 days before ripening to enhance color and quality.
Fifth, disease and pest control must be proactive. Common diseases include anthracnose, angular spot, and gray mold. Prevent them by disinfecting seedlings and maintaining clean orchards. Treat anthracnose with a 70% thiophanate-methyl solution diluted 500 times, and gray mold with a 50% mancozeb solution diluted 1000 times. For pests, apply 4% chlorpyrifos dust under the canopy in early May to kill overwintering larvae. Spray 20% emulsifiable concentrate at 3000 times during larval stages. Control moth larvae with a 2.5% deltamethrin solution at 3000 times, and flea beetles with a 1000-fold spray. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are essential for healthy, productive trees.
By following these comprehensive practices, farmers can achieve high-quality, high-yield sweet persimmon production, ensuring both profitability and sustainability.
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