Carp is a tropical freshwater fish known for its large size, tender flesh, and mild flavor. It's commonly referred to as "Ochimusa" and is valued for its fast growth rate, broad diet, and resistance to disease. However, it has a major drawback: poor cold tolerance. When water temperatures drop below 7°C, carp can easily freeze and die, limiting its growth period to just 5 to 6 months a year. In most natural waters, it cannot survive the winter, except in southern regions like Guangdong and Guangxi. As a result, the fishing season is concentrated, leading to a surplus of fish products during peak times, which drives prices down and reduces profit margins. Additionally, during breeding, the mortality rate of fry is high, which limits stocking density and overall yield. But with proper techniques and scientific farming methods, farmers can significantly improve efficiency and output.
1. **Two-Stage Breeding**: Newly hatched fish are weak and vary in size. If directly placed in large ponds, they struggle to adapt and often waste food, leading to water pollution. By using a two-stage approach—first raising them in small, controlled ponds before moving them to larger ones—fish can better adjust to their environment, eat more efficiently, and grow faster. Once fry reach 10–15 cm, larger fish can be moved into the main pond, while smaller ones remain in the small pond for further cultivation. This ensures balanced growth and prevents larger fish from preying on smaller ones, improving survival rates and yield.
2. **Proper Feeding Practices**: Carp are omnivorous and tend to overeat. It's important to measure feed based on the number of fish in the pond to avoid overfeeding. Implementing point feeding—distributing food in multiple spots—ensures all fish get enough to eat without competition. Initially, animal-based feeds should be used, then gradually transitioned to plant-based as the fish grow. Daily feeding should be around 5–8% of the total fish weight, with adjustments made every two weeks for better results.
3. **Regular Culling**: Due to their aggressive eating habits, larger fish often dominate feeding time, causing size disparities among the population. To prevent this, regular culling should be done before the fishing season, sorting fish by size to ensure even growth and better productivity.
4. **Wintering Techniques**: In autumn, after selling large fish, some adults can be moved to deep ponds or nylon-lined pools for wintering. This allows for early spring sales, extending the fresh fish supply and increasing market value. This strategy not only solves seasonal oversupply issues but also boosts profits, making it a win-win approach for farmers.
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