Four technologies for fostering broodstock in autumn and winter

In the first step, focus on water fertilization. Eels and squids feed on plankton, and proper fertilization helps promote plankton growth, ensuring a sufficient natural food supply for these species. This also supports gonad development in broodstock and improves both the quantity and quality of broodstock. Based on the pond's water conditions, applying fully-fermented organic manure is the primary method. Urea and superphosphate can be used together to maintain water that is "fat, live, tender, and cool." During autumn, fertilization should be done more frequently but with less intensity. After water is added or the water body is disinfected, it's important to apply fertilizer promptly to thicken the water color and keep the water clarity within an acceptable range. In short, maximizing broodstock accumulation in autumn is crucial for the healthy development of the parent fish's spawn. Next, ensure proper feeding practices. Different broodstock species have varying dietary needs. Grass carp are herbivorous, and fresh young grass becomes scarce in autumn. Therefore, they should be fed mainly with bean cakes, wheat bran, and corn, supplemented with leaves, sprouts, and aquatic plants. To improve digestion, green materials and concentrates should be fed separately. Green feed is typically given in the morning at 3–5% of the broodstock’s body weight, while concentrates are offered in the afternoon at 2–3%. After winter sets in, feeding frequency should decrease. When water temperatures are high, feed every other day; when low, feed every three days. Adjust the amount based on how the broodstock eat. Herring broodstock feed on snails, larvae, and oysters, so timely feeding is essential. Small amounts of soybean cake can also be used as supplements. For other species like silver carp and bream, additional feeds such as crushed bean cake or wheat bran should be provided to enhance nutrition and support gonad development. Third, implement scientific water exchange to keep the water fresh, which is vital for gonad development. Water should be added according to weather, water quality, and feeding conditions. After autumn, perform one water flush every 10–15 days, each lasting about 3 hours, raising the water level by approximately 15 cm. As water temperature drops, extend the interval to 20–25 days. Before winter, fill the pond with enough water after freezing, as adding new water helps maintain temperature and ensures broodstock survive the cold season safely. It's best to add water at noon when it's colder. However, for ponds with species like catfish or loaches, avoid adding too much water at once, as this could reduce their fatness and negatively impact their growth and gonad development. Finally, take timely preventive measures. During fall and winter, disease prevention is critical. Illness can hinder growth, nutrient accumulation, and gonad development. Prevention should follow the principle of “prevention before disease, early treatment when sick, and prioritizing prevention over cure.” First, manage water quality carefully and disinfect the water regularly—usually every 15–20 days using lime or bromochloroacetic acid. Second, feed scientifically, avoiding sudden changes in hunger or fullness and prohibiting moldy or spoiled food. Regularly disinfect feeding tools. Third, clean all equipment and water sources to prevent disease spread. Fourth, use medications for prevention, such as insecticides or medicated baits. Lastly, conduct regular pond inspections, monitor for oxygen deficiency, and ensure security against theft.

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