Release date: 2016-09-05
On August 31, researchers revealed in Science Translational Medicine that a cell line that is widely used in brain tumor research does not match the original cell line 50 years ago. In fact, no one can be sure of the cells currently in use. The real origin of the department, the event was also reported in detail by the Nature website in the first time.
U87 - the wrong identity of the tumor cell line
The problematic cell line was named U87, which was established in 1966 at Uppsala University in Sweden, when the tissue used by researchers was from a 44-year-old female patient with glioblastoma. Since then, U87 has been widely used in the study of brain cancer. According to statistics, more than 2,000 research papers related to U87 are currently available.
However, the scientific community’s “pampering†of U87 caused confusion among the Uppsala oncologist Bengt Westermark in Sweden. “I don’t understand why people use this boring cell, compared to other cells, U87 grows. It has to be much slower.†As a graduate student in the 1970s, Westermark studied eight different brain tumor cell lines.
Later, Westermark received U87 at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). ATCC is the world's largest repository of biomaterials. By observing the cell growth characteristics, he found that U87 was significantly different from the cell line used in the graduate school, so he decided to make a formal comparison.
Fortunately, Uppsala University still retains the original tumor samples of U87, which allows the Westermark team to verify the identity of U87. Using DNA-fingerprint technology, the researchers found that U87 from ATCC did not match any cell line created in Uppsala 50 years ago.
Source is still unknown
According to Mindy Goldsborough, Chief Scientific Officer and Technical Director of the ATCC, ATCC obtained the U87 cell line from the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Memorial Center in New York in 1982, and the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Memorial Center acquired the cell line in 1973. U87 also carries the Y chromosome when it arrives at the ATCC, but U87 originally came from a female tissue, suggesting that the confusion of U87 may occur in the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Memorial Center or in someone else.
At present, the ATCC plans to update the detailed background information of U87 and change its organizational source to male, but the origin of U87 cell line is still a mystery.
The gene expression profile obtained by the Westermark team suggests that the ATCC cell line may be derived from brain tumor tissue. Westermark said, "The gene expression profile brought bad news, but it also brought good news. Unfortunately, U87 is not the original U87, but fortunately it still comes from glioblastoma tissue. This means U87 still Responding to the biology of brain tumors without having to be discarded."
However, many cancer researchers believe that it is time to surpass U87 and other "classic" cell lines, no matter where they come from, historically, culture conditions can cause cells to gradually change their biological properties. Today, Westermark and other researchers also praise the new cell lines because these cell lines multiply under specific culture conditions, ensuring genetic and epigenetic stability.
Howard Fine, a neuro-oncologist at the Weill Cornell Brain Tumor Center in New York, said, "People are increasingly recognizing that the human disease model used in history is so bad, so anyone at any time condemns the U87 cell line, I very happy."
Researcher is asked to self-examine
Today, many teams are trying to solve the problems caused by cell identity errors to improve the repeatability of research results. This year, the National Institutes of Health began asking funded applicants to describe how to identify the cell lines used. Recently, Nature et al. also began asking authors to examine the cells of the study based on a database containing 475 known cell lines.
Director Jon Lorsch of the National Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences said, "This is a good warning. When you do research, you should question your own assumptions and make as many comparisons as possible to ensure that you get what you want."
People rarely verify the source of the cell strain, says University of Colorado geneticist Christopher Korch. "This article is just the tip of the iceberg."
Source: Bio-Exploration
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