Nurture
Pond disinfection Sterilized turtles should be cleaned and disinfected 15 days before they are introduced into the pool. The debris and dirt should be removed first, then thoroughly disinfected with drugs to kill the wild fish and harmful pathogenic organisms.
The number of polytrophic pro-shelled turtles is large and the activity capacity is strong. Therefore, the polyculture density cannot be too large. Generally, the polyculture amount per 100 square meters should be controlled within 45 kilograms. In order to stabilize the water quality of the pro-fish pond, a small amount of alfalfa, eel and mackerel can also be set in the pro-fish pond. The nesting amount is 45 to 60 per 100 square meters.
Feeding and management should provide good living conditions for the pro-shelled turtle and increase the spawning volume of the pro-shelled turtle. The first is to prolong the growth period and spawning period of the pro-fish. Due to the habit of hibernation, pro-shelled turtles have a short period of time suitable for growing and laying eggs within one year. If some artificial measures are taken, covering the plastic greenhouses or warming cultures in the late autumn and early spring can prolong the spawning time of the crustacea. Even spawn throughout the year.
The second is to do the bait feeding work. Turtles like to eat fresh animal foods, such as small fish shrimp, snails, river otters, fly maggots, cockroaches, insects, etc. These live baits are nutritious and should be fed as much as possible. If there is no live bait, the leftovers after slaughtering by livestock and poultry are also foods for turtles but they cannot feed more. When more probiotic turtles are cultured, it is best to use artificial diets. Feeding baits should be regular, fixed, and must not be fed with moldy foods. It is advisable to eat within 2 hours after feeding.
The third is to regulate water quality and prevent the occurrence of diseases. Probiotics have a lot of excretion, and it is easy to make the water deteriorate. Regular water changes are required, and 15 to 20 grams of quicklime per cubic meter is used for disinfection to keep the water in the pool fresh. It is also necessary to promptly clean up the remaining bait and feces from the bait station to prevent the occurrence of pro-thyra fish feeding on spoilage.
Mating management
The soft-shelled turtle is a spawning animal. The ovaries of the same female have evolved in variability. There are often 3 to 4 different sizes and stages of mature eggs. These eggs are constantly maturing, so their fertilization is ongoing. Male turtles can be mated for many times. Male spermatozoa's sperm can enter the female fallopian tube through male and female mating. They can survive and have fertilization ability and can reach more than six months. Therefore, in the case of monoculture, the eggs produced by the maternity season of the second year can still be fertilized by hatching.
In view of this, the soft-shelled turtle does not have a fixed estrus period, but it has a mating peak after awakening in spring and after hibernation in autumn. Every year, when the water temperature rises above 20°C, sexually mature protuberances begin to escort, and this action lasts until August.
Pro-shelled turtle estrus mating is usually carried out in water at night, so it is not easy to find. Male and female turtles snorkel and swim in the water before mating. Male turtles chase females in the shallow waters of the pool, then slowly crawl and bite the skirts. Finally, the male turtles crawl on the back of the female. The male skirts are slightly skirted. Shake up and down, end 3~5 minutes, then dive into the water. Male and female ferns are fertilized after mating.
Increase egg production
The ratio of male to female should be appropriate in the turtle pond, and male turtles will affect the mating of pro-shelled turtles and reduce the fertilization rate. In general, the ratio of male to female is (3~4):1. If the pool is strong, the size of the male turtle is large and the number is smaller. On the contrary, the number of male turtles should be increased. If there are more claw marks on the back of the female fish in the pool, it means that there are too many male turtles.
Feeding of the protein feed for females of the soft-shelled turtle needs more protein and calcium. In order to meet the need for spawning, it is necessary to supply animal feeds such as snails, clams, and small fish and shrimp regularly, quantitatively, and fixedly.
Doing a good job of water quality management ensures that the pro-fish pond water is free of pollution, moderate in fatness, and is pale green or tea green. The transparency of water is 25-30 cm, so there are more microorganisms in the water. The water is too thin to spill fresh human excrement or stacking bar fertilizer on the pool, so that the fertilizer can flow into the pool. The depth of water is moderate to increase the water temperature. Change the water once a week and keep 1/10 of the pool water when changing water.
Finishing spawning grounds Spawning grounds are also the “back-to-back†field for soft-shelled turtles. Prior to spawning, the egg field should be leveled and 40–50 cm thick fresh sand should be kept and kept moist.
Keeping the soft-shelled turtle pond quiet The pro-shelled turtle mating should be quiet and fearful of sound interference. Therefore, natural enemies in turtle farms should be removed during the breeding season in order to reduce interference and avoid natural enemies.
Increase the light time should be installed on the surface of the turtle pond water, lights at night, can increase the light time, but also attract insects for turtle food, killing two birds with one stone.
Breeding management
From 6 to 12 hours after excretion from the turtle's eggs, the turtle's eggs showed a pale yellow translucent state, and white spots (animal poles) began to appear afterwards. The white spots expanded to a round area of ​​0.5 to 1 cm in diameter in 24 hours or so; the white area expanded in 48 hours. 2/5 of the eggshell; the 96-hour white area expanded to 1/2 to 3/5 of the egg, after which the white area basically stopped expanding.
In 10 days, the white surface of the shell rapidly expanded, and the pale yellow portion shrank. When viewed from the light, there were blood-silk distributions in the eggs; no bloodshot filaments were seen in the unfertilized eggs and they should be picked out and no longer hatched.
In 15 days, the white part of the shell surface continued to expand, and the light distribution showed that the blood-silk distribution surface was enlarged and the rest was transparent.
In 20 days or so, the white surface of the shell exceeded half, and the transparent part (vegetation pole) became darker. When viewed from the light, a large amount of blood, black spots, and dark shadows were seen. The dark shadow was the head of the embryo and was about 1 cm in diameter and could be moved. Sometimes at the plant pole, sometimes between the animal and plant pole boundaries.
In 25 days, the white surface area of ​​the shell reached more than 60%. For the light, the egg embryo showed a dark shadow, which was more obvious than before.
In 30 days, the white color of the shell surface reached more than 70%, and the plant color was darker and redder. For light, embryos were basically formed and there were activities.
In 35 days, the white surface of the shell surface continued to expand, and the plant was further reduced. The diameter was only about 1 cm. The color was deeper and dark purple. When viewed from the light, the head of the embryo showed obvious stretching activities.
In about 50 days, the embryonic development of turtle eggs has been completed, and the boundaries between animals and plants have disappeared. The entire turtle eggs are opaque white. The temperature and humidity are suitable to break out of the shell, and the shelling time is mostly in the evening and before and after dawn.
Summer management
Since mid-July and late July, the weather has gradually stabilized and the temperature has risen. The cultivation of soft-shelled turtles has really become normalized, and the situation of disease in poultry has improved slightly. The conditions of rotten claws and rotten necks that were relatively common have also been effectively controlled. The amount of losses is also within a reasonable range, entering the peak period of eating. The soft-shelled turtle eats more and grows faster, but the feces and bait also accumulate in the pond accordingly. The water quality will become worse and worse. The harmful substances in the water such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite will exceed the standard. At the same time, the chances of developing hepatobiliary syndrome and nutritional fatty liver have also increased greatly.
At this time, the feed must be adjusted accordingly, and the total protein content in the feed formula for high temperature seasons should be properly reduced, which can directly reduce the proportion of fishmeal used in the formula and increase the use of plant protein raw materials, which can effectively control the growth due to excessive disease. There has been a large number of deaths. In the feed can be added some Chinese herbal powder, liver protection and liver to improve liver health, prevention and treatment of hepatobiliary syndrome and nutritional fatty liver.
The aquaculture water body can be used to release microbial preparation products to achieve the function of purifying water and stabilizing water quality, reducing the number of disinfection of ponds, and reducing the chance of skin decay, perforation and rotting.
Disease prevention and control
In Tongtang Farming, in the afternoon without wind, some water bodies can be replaced to regulate the surface temperature of the culture pond. When conditions permit, the aerator can be turned on to exchange water under the pool.
Turtles are raised in greenhouses, and the water temperature is generally around 30°C. However, the temperature inside the greenhouse will change with the seasons. In midsummer, due to the obvious temperature difference between greenhouse water and greenhouse temperature, turtles often breathe water and prone to turtle laryngopharyngitis. The temperature of greenhouse air should be controlled, and the ventilation of separate windows from noon to evening can be avoided and appropriate dosage of heat-clearing and antidote can be avoided. Pharyngitis appeared.
During the initial stage of the onset of symptoms, the food intake decreased, and the diseased turtle lost its energy and its mouth was slightly puffy. Some diseased turtles have climbed walls, fetched water or migrated. Inflamed neck, sometimes mouth and nose bleeding, plastron showed a pure white anemia, liver was yellowish, squamous plexus cluster hairy small protrusions bleeding and severe necrosis.
Treatment if the pool of ammonia and nitrogen is normal, nitrite is too high, pH is less than 7, increase oxygen should be reduced. Exhale lime 30-60ppm, oral Shuanghuanglian 10 grams per kilogram and use respiratory antibiotics. If the pool water ammonia nitrogen is too high, nitrite is normal, pH is normal, increase the oxygen, you can also replace the water body (replacement is less than 1/3), then use 3ppm iodine spillage, oral Shuanghuanglian per kilogram of 10 Grams, combined with respiratory antibiotics.
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