Since the beginning of summer, various problems have appeared in various farms, mainly due to the decrease in the egg production rate, the decrease in egg weight, the deterioration of egg color, and the deterioration of egg quality. In addition, due to the downward adjustment of the price of eggs, the farmers have brought with them. To deal with the above-mentioned problems, we will make a simple communication between feed nutrition and management.
The actual energy needed for laying hens in a suitable ambient temperature can be estimated according to this formula: kJ/d=W(140-2T)+2E+5ΔW. Where W is the weight of the laying hens (kg); T is the average ambient temperature (°C); E is the average daily egg production (g); ΔW is the average weight gain. Feed intake of laying hens (g) = energy actually needed per day (MJ/d only) 1 000/metabolized energy of feed (MJ/kg), at a suitable temperature (13~23 °C), as the temperature decreases, The energy needed by the chicken increases, and the feed intake increases; otherwise, the feed intake decreases. At high temperatures, poultry first showed decreased feed intake and increased drinking water. When the ambient temperature exceeds 23 °C, the feed intake decrease caused by heat stress will greatly exceed the above formula's estimate: At 23~34 °C, temperature increase 1 °C feed intake decreased by 1~1.5 g/d only; 32 ~ 36 °C, temperature increase 1 °C feed intake decreased 4.2 g / only d. In addition, high temperatures not only reduce the feed intake of laying hens, but also inhibit the development of follicles in laying hens.
Therefore, we need to solve the problem of declining feed intake of chickens in various ways. The specific operating methods are as follows:
First, heatstroke cooling layer temperature optimum for the egg temperature is 13 °C ~ 20 °C, if the temperature is higher than 29 °C, the egg production decreased by 10% to 20%; 37.8 °C, the chicken has the risk of heat stroke. Therefore, cooling the heatstroke is the key to maintaining high yields. Specific methods: (1) Cooling: Set up shade nets on the sunny side of the house to avoid direct sunlight. In the case of poor natural ventilation conditions, cool water can be sprayed directly into the house to cool the grass around the house, reducing the number of trees. Reflected heat.
(2) Timely removal of manure: Chicken manure is easily fermented to produce heat, and it emits harmful gases. Clean the house every morning and evening and keep the house clean and dry.
(3) Ventilation and ventilation: Open the windows completely, and install fans in the houses to increase air convection and ensure cool interiors.
(4) Reduced density: High feeding density is not conducive to heat dissipation of chicken body. Generally, it is advisable to feed 7 eggs per square meter.
Second, adjust the diet of hen due to high temperatures, resulting in reduced feed intake, so we must reasonably adjust the diet to better meet the nutritional needs of chicken in the various stages of egg production, sooner or later should be fed more protein, lower energy The rations were fed with green and blue juicy feed at noon, and diversified into feed varieties. In addition, increase the mineral content of feed, especially calcium. The feed should be fed less frequently; the manger should be kept clean so as not to affect the appetite of the chicken or cause gastrointestinal problems. By changing the feed formulation and increasing the nutrient concentration, the feed intake of laying hens in the high temperature environment is reduced by 10% to 30%, and the feed utilization rate is also reduced. Therefore, the feed formulation must be adjusted according to the feed intake and the nutrient concentration can be increased. The addition of 1% to 3% of oils and fats increases the energy level of the feed, improves the palatability of the feed, increases the feed intake, and also reduces the speed of feed passage through the intestine and improves feed utilization. Appropriately reduce the level of crude protein in feed and maintain the essential amino acid levels, such as adding 0.1% to 0.15% methionine and 0.05% lysine, calcium can be increased to 4%, and keep the ratio of calcium to phosphorus 7:1; The main supplement is vitamin C, vitamin E and B vitamins, and the amount can be adjusted to 2 times the normal amount.
Third, to ensure drinking water The average chicken's drinking water is an average of 150 to 250 milliliters each, and the water temperature is preferably about 10 degrees Celsius. To ensure constant water throughout the day and keep drinking water clean. At the same time, salt can be added to the drinking water to maintain the body's demand for inorganic salts. If the egg is cut off for 24 hours, the egg production will be reduced by 30% and it takes 25 to 30 days to recover if the water is cut off. More than 30 hours, the layer will be moulted. If more feces are found, limit your drinking water.
Fourth, strengthen the epidemic prevention Summer is suitable for a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites breeding, coupled with high-temperature stress, resulting in the body's resistance to disease weakened, is a chicken common disease multiple seasons. Therefore, we must do a good job of preventing epidemics, and timely carry out vaccine injections such as chicken Newcastle disease, cholera and chicken gizzards. We must also regularly sterilize chicken coops and cut off the route of transmission of pathogens. Every 7 to 10 days disinfection with anti-toxic alkali, Lysol, etc. once during the onset of disinfection once a day. To regularly add appropriate antibiotics in the feed, such as oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, can enhance the body's resistance to disease.
Fifth, on nutrition: 1, the peak feed protein level increased by 1-2 percentage points, to 17-17.5%; at the same time can add 0.5-1% fat in the feed to increase the energy level of feed. 2. Add 0.2-0.3% baking soda (chemical name: sodium bicarbonate, NaHC03) in the peak feed to regulate body fluid acid-base balance and prevent respiratory acidosis. At the same time can also play a role in stomach, is conducive to improving the intake. 3. Add 100-200g/ton vitamin C to the peak feed to increase the chicken's ability to resist heat stress. 4. Appropriate amount of allicin can be added in the feed during the peak period, which can not only promote stomach digestion but also prevent intestinal and other diseases.
6. Finally, we also hope that we will add fermented feed at the initial stage of breeding to promote the intestinal health and intestinal absorption capacity of chickens so as to achieve resistance to heat stress.
The actual energy needed for laying hens in a suitable ambient temperature can be estimated according to this formula: kJ/d=W(140-2T)+2E+5ΔW. Where W is the weight of the laying hens (kg); T is the average ambient temperature (°C); E is the average daily egg production (g); ΔW is the average weight gain. Feed intake of laying hens (g) = energy actually needed per day (MJ/d only) 1 000/metabolized energy of feed (MJ/kg), at a suitable temperature (13~23 °C), as the temperature decreases, The energy needed by the chicken increases, and the feed intake increases; otherwise, the feed intake decreases. At high temperatures, poultry first showed decreased feed intake and increased drinking water. When the ambient temperature exceeds 23 °C, the feed intake decrease caused by heat stress will greatly exceed the above formula's estimate: At 23~34 °C, temperature increase 1 °C feed intake decreased by 1~1.5 g/d only; 32 ~ 36 °C, temperature increase 1 °C feed intake decreased 4.2 g / only d. In addition, high temperatures not only reduce the feed intake of laying hens, but also inhibit the development of follicles in laying hens.
Therefore, we need to solve the problem of declining feed intake of chickens in various ways. The specific operating methods are as follows:
First, heatstroke cooling layer temperature optimum for the egg temperature is 13 °C ~ 20 °C, if the temperature is higher than 29 °C, the egg production decreased by 10% to 20%; 37.8 °C, the chicken has the risk of heat stroke. Therefore, cooling the heatstroke is the key to maintaining high yields. Specific methods: (1) Cooling: Set up shade nets on the sunny side of the house to avoid direct sunlight. In the case of poor natural ventilation conditions, cool water can be sprayed directly into the house to cool the grass around the house, reducing the number of trees. Reflected heat.
(2) Timely removal of manure: Chicken manure is easily fermented to produce heat, and it emits harmful gases. Clean the house every morning and evening and keep the house clean and dry.
(3) Ventilation and ventilation: Open the windows completely, and install fans in the houses to increase air convection and ensure cool interiors.
(4) Reduced density: High feeding density is not conducive to heat dissipation of chicken body. Generally, it is advisable to feed 7 eggs per square meter.
Second, adjust the diet of hen due to high temperatures, resulting in reduced feed intake, so we must reasonably adjust the diet to better meet the nutritional needs of chicken in the various stages of egg production, sooner or later should be fed more protein, lower energy The rations were fed with green and blue juicy feed at noon, and diversified into feed varieties. In addition, increase the mineral content of feed, especially calcium. The feed should be fed less frequently; the manger should be kept clean so as not to affect the appetite of the chicken or cause gastrointestinal problems. By changing the feed formulation and increasing the nutrient concentration, the feed intake of laying hens in the high temperature environment is reduced by 10% to 30%, and the feed utilization rate is also reduced. Therefore, the feed formulation must be adjusted according to the feed intake and the nutrient concentration can be increased. The addition of 1% to 3% of oils and fats increases the energy level of the feed, improves the palatability of the feed, increases the feed intake, and also reduces the speed of feed passage through the intestine and improves feed utilization. Appropriately reduce the level of crude protein in feed and maintain the essential amino acid levels, such as adding 0.1% to 0.15% methionine and 0.05% lysine, calcium can be increased to 4%, and keep the ratio of calcium to phosphorus 7:1; The main supplement is vitamin C, vitamin E and B vitamins, and the amount can be adjusted to 2 times the normal amount.
Third, to ensure drinking water The average chicken's drinking water is an average of 150 to 250 milliliters each, and the water temperature is preferably about 10 degrees Celsius. To ensure constant water throughout the day and keep drinking water clean. At the same time, salt can be added to the drinking water to maintain the body's demand for inorganic salts. If the egg is cut off for 24 hours, the egg production will be reduced by 30% and it takes 25 to 30 days to recover if the water is cut off. More than 30 hours, the layer will be moulted. If more feces are found, limit your drinking water.
Fourth, strengthen the epidemic prevention Summer is suitable for a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites breeding, coupled with high-temperature stress, resulting in the body's resistance to disease weakened, is a chicken common disease multiple seasons. Therefore, we must do a good job of preventing epidemics, and timely carry out vaccine injections such as chicken Newcastle disease, cholera and chicken gizzards. We must also regularly sterilize chicken coops and cut off the route of transmission of pathogens. Every 7 to 10 days disinfection with anti-toxic alkali, Lysol, etc. once during the onset of disinfection once a day. To regularly add appropriate antibiotics in the feed, such as oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, can enhance the body's resistance to disease.
Fifth, on nutrition: 1, the peak feed protein level increased by 1-2 percentage points, to 17-17.5%; at the same time can add 0.5-1% fat in the feed to increase the energy level of feed. 2. Add 0.2-0.3% baking soda (chemical name: sodium bicarbonate, NaHC03) in the peak feed to regulate body fluid acid-base balance and prevent respiratory acidosis. At the same time can also play a role in stomach, is conducive to improving the intake. 3. Add 100-200g/ton vitamin C to the peak feed to increase the chicken's ability to resist heat stress. 4. Appropriate amount of allicin can be added in the feed during the peak period, which can not only promote stomach digestion but also prevent intestinal and other diseases.
6. Finally, we also hope that we will add fermented feed at the initial stage of breeding to promote the intestinal health and intestinal absorption capacity of chickens so as to achieve resistance to heat stress.
Puyang Degren Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. , https://www.degrenyuwei.com